International Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Management - attempt ExampleThe firm unavoidably to be restructured to keep up with its international growth and a architectural plan needs to be developed to change the physical composition to fit its new multinational status.Tossavainen (2005, pg. 1) claims that, the utilization of an enterprise resource planning system in an multinational enterprise can be explained by the pastime elements 1) organizational awareness, 2) imperfect autonomy, 3) change orientation, 4) transformation triggers, 5) Enterprise Resource Planning system impact, and 6) successful performance. The implementing organization defines ERP, it must reflect the MNE strategies and management. Therefore, new organizational capabilities are required for the implementing organization to achieve the promised benefits associated with the ERP.In sanctify to implement effective solutions, careful organization and planning must be followed. A model needs to be developed that can be followed carefully. An ERP must be enabled for long-term use. In order to chance upon this, one way is to implement it through initial implementation, enhancements, deployment rollouts, support of the use, and upgrades (Tossavainen, 2005, pg. 1). It is also suggested that organizational mechanisms are updated.transnational enterprises are fascinating to inquiry due to their state of constant change. The information systems that are used in multinational enterprises make it difficult for uniformity across the board since the branches of the organization are located in many different locations. Fortunately, new information systems are now being developed that solve this problem, such(prenominal) as enterprise resource planning systems. They are designed to integrate operational data with logistics stage business processes (Tossavainen, 2005, pg. 1). Thanks to enterprise resource planning solutions, businesses can now operate comfortably on a global scale.What the Literature Says About the SubjectResea rch is being prompted in this area due to the change magnitude complexity of multinational enterprise management. It is also being prompted because much enterprise resource planning research that is already in existence is ambiguous in nature and there is much failure in implementation of the systems. According to Tossavainen (2005, pg. 1), A new permanent organization structure that integrates business and information engineering (IT) domains is needed to accomplish variety of tasks related to the ERP system. How a Firm Gains a Status of Multinational crapperAccording to Tossavainen (2005, pg. 1), An MNE has several units across separate geographical locations with different degrees of freedom in their activities. Hence, an MNE is geographically, time-wise and environmentally (both externally and internally) diverse.Part IIIntroductionThis scenario introduces the case of a company that sells underwear for men and women. The manager has intractable to invest into a firm in Roman ia that will produce the product for the company. As such, he is displace a manager for the subsidiary, an accountant, and an engineer for the Romanian firm. A Plan for Organizational Change in a Multinational EnterpriseThe basic outline for the organizational plan change in this

Compare and Contrast between IPv4 and IPv6. Why IPv6 Hasn't Been Research Paper

Compare and severalise surrounded by IPv4 and IPv6. Why IPv6 Hasnt Been Implemented on the net income - Research Paper ExampleIt delivers datagrams or packets from the writer to the destination host by only basing on their addresses. Over the years, the IP has undergone revisions in its development and the Internet Protocol sport 4 (IPv4) is its 4th revision. An some other recent revision is the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). Both IPv4 and IPv6 are at the core of internet internetworking methods that are standards- cornerstoned. However, there exist differences between the two versions of the IP as well as their levels of deployment. Since its development, the IPv4 is the first version of the internet protocol to be widely deployed and until today, it is still stands out as the Internet Layer protocol that is widely deployed. This is so despite the development of more advanced version of the IP, the IPv6. This is an indication that there is something about the IPv4 that ma kes it more popular than the IPv6. I choose this topic with an aim of knowing the differences and similarities that exist between the IPv4 and IPv6 so as to identify why IPv6 has not been implemented on the internet. ... From these, it is expected that IPv6 should have achieved a greater level of deployment than the IPv4. But as it is, the deployment of IPv6 is still at its infancy. This paper analyses the reasons as to why IPv6 has not been implemented on the internet. Literature come off In order to identify the reasons as to why IPv6 has not been implemented on the internet, it is important to find the similarities and differences between IPv4 and IPv6. This will be important in identifying any weaknesses that underlie the IPv6 and provide a base for making recommendations for improvements that will enable it to achieve a good level of deployment. For this paper, the sources of the literature review and synopsis will be books, journals and articles on computer sciences and inf ormation technology. credible online sources on the same will withal be used. Similarities Both IPv4 and IPv6 are internal layer protocols designed for packet-switched internetworking. The two IP versions are to a fault capable of providing end-to-end datagram or packet transmission across more than one IP networks. In terms of the structure of their packets, both the headers of IPv4 and IPv6 have an optional fields or extension that can be used to implement special have gots. Differences According to (Shankland, 2011), IPv4 allows 32 bits for an IP and because of this, it can support 232 (4,294,967,296) addresses. On the other hand, IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, therefore, the developed address space supports 2128. This is about 340 undecillion or 3.4?1038 addresses. This makes the large address space an important feature of IPv6 over IPv4. This expansion creates room for more devices and users on the internet. It also allows for additional

Limist of data indicatiors for pupblic administrators Essay

Limist of data indicatiors for pupblic administrators - Essay Example transp arntness International defines corruption as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain.1 On the other hand, emancipation is defined by Freedom House as the opportunity to act spontaneously in a variety of fields outside the control of the government and/or other centers of potential domination.2 We need to realize that both corruption and granting immunity have a common factor government. According to the assumptions of the media, countries with eminent levels of corruption, low levels of freedom, and high levels of unemployment, specifically among young men, are the main reasons why some countries face governmental vulnerability and turmoil. Table 1, located in addendum I, shows rates of corruption according to CPI investigations and questions, which are based on methodology that measures countries according to two main categories political rights and civil liberties. Data Perceptions An arouse line graph forms after studying the data in the Table 1 (located in Appendix I). This line graph shows how close the rates of freedom and unemployment are. More specifically, the graph shows that the country with the highest rate of freedom (least amount of freedom) is Libya (7.0). To compare this with another country, Tunisia has a rate of 6.0.

Applying Theories and Principles for Planning and Enabling Inclusive Essay

Applying Theories and Principles for Planning and Enabling Inclusive Learning and belief - Essay ExampleThe best way to understand Brain-based education is through three words to wit principles, strategies and engagement. Thus, involveers fetch to be engaged and it has to be done with strategies, which are real science based (Darling-Kuria, 2010, p. 02). Brain-based schooling effectively ensures to produce a more(prenominal) efficient learning process, which assists the student through comprehension on how the brain delivers, and learns the valuable learning environment possible. in that locationfore, brain-based learning is the vigorous engagement of strategies that are purposeful on principles, which are effectively derived from neuroscience. Brain-based learning is done in accordance to the way the brain is designed naturally to learn. This study will extensively discuss the various merits of the curriculum, which are taught through instructions, where it is taught, how i t taught, the environment, how it measured, and the discernment (Call & Featherstone, 2010a, p.05). A seek done recently shows that adults have a paramount role in facilitating for the children an early environment that is stimulating. There is therefore a need of the classrooms to have a link that is nearly close to the real- sphere environment. The curricula being taught should let in problem layers, cultural and many sensory layers that effectively stimulate and excite the noble neural networks of the brain. It is overly evident that an individual cannot learn in the same way to the other people and thus to each one individual has his/her own learning style. Evidently, artificial stress on the children is inevitable if the children are forced to learn under ineffective conditions, which greatly interfere with how they learn. These conditions reduce and depress their performance results as well as their motivation. Educators should therefore ensure to embrace the children as i ndividuals and not as a collective class that merit uniform practices since they are supposed to incorporate diverse teaching skills (Taylor & Mackenney, 2008, p.18). Additionally, educators must provide complex instructions, which effectively enhance and develop learning profiles individually. Complex instruction is multifaceted and it involves providing a variety of resources, groupings, instructional materials, and assessment instruments. Additionally, structured classroom time devoted to emotional and social skill building, group problem solving, and team building strengthens academic learning. Research conducted recently on learning and brain indicates that the brain effectively responds more to learning environments that are enriched and which involve as many of its processing centers as possible. Thus, educators have to allow the children to have rich experiences and then give them time and opportunities to make sense of their experiences by finding and reflecting connection s in how things consociate to each other. Lessons stimulating emotions, senses, and memory aid cognition and future retrieval in real world situations (Call & Featherstone, 2010b, p.35). The student usually benefits from a type of captivation in which wide selections of motivations are integrated so that the experiences are more genuine and engaging. These experiences should have problem-solving skills in learning different theories and facts since they are personally and meaningfully rewarding to the learners and thus being more inspiring and rewarding. Learners learn

Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fiscal Policy and Economic addition - Essay ExampleAs the essay stresses countries exposed to orotund capital flows must avoid medium political sciences. It is also necessary to adopt a corner regime. According to these proponents, corner regimes sustainable regimes for long run. It has been constitute that SEA countries also shifted from an intermediate regime to intermediate regime. A vast literature has been dedicated to set out the preferred choice of exchange rate regime. The fundamentals identified by the OCA advent has given some guidance for observed regime choices. In 1980s, studies were focused on the manipulation of shocks on the choice of regimes. This research incorporates considerations for macroeconomic stabilization.According to the report findings the real shocks allow flexibility and symmetry of shocks produces OCA. Shocks shake up been appeared in countries which have weak pecuniary institutions. The counties with weak financial institutions intervene in th e market in order to shield banking industries which are confronting large exchange rate movements. There are many authors who reserve SEA countries should adopt a property basket system in order to gain and carry exchange rate stability and flexibility. As far as the macroeconomics situations of SEA countries are concerned, the most conjectural choice is managed undirected regime. It is because managed floating regime is fewer tangledes than currency basket system agree that managed floating regime would be less complex than the currency basket ... In 1980s, studies were focused on the role of shocks on the choice of regimes. This research incorporates considerations for macroeconomic stabilization. Authors have argued that nominal shocks actually raise the possibility of a fixed regime. The real shocks allow flexibility and symmetry of shocks produces OCA. Shocks have been appeared in countries which have weak financial institutions. The counties with weak financial institut ions intervene in the market in order to shield banking industries which are confronting large exchange rate movements. There are many authors who agree SEA countries should adopt a currency basket system in order to gain and maintain exchange rate stability and flexibility. As far as the macroeconomics situations of SEA countries are concerned, the most reasonable choice is managed floating regime. It is because managed floating regime is fewer complexes than currency basket system agree that managed floating regime would be less complex than the currency basket (Hossain, M. 2011). Financial liberalization list Figure 1 A cross-country power indicating financial liberalization has been used to identify the development in the sector. It ranges between 0 and 18 (Abiad, 2005). This index is made during the period or 1973 to 1995 (Figure 1 and 2). First figure studies triplet initial countries i.e. Indonesia, Korea and Malaysia. For the last three years FLI is assumed to be constant . These both graphs indicate the exchange rate regime in sixsome countries. The figure indicates that till 1977 all three countries were focusing on fixed regime but collect changing conditions in 1979 Indonesia and Korea shifted to intermediate regime. While Malaysia remained consistent to fixed regime. 1993 onwards all three

Retail Purchasing and Supply Chain ( about Zara ) read the case study Essay

Retail Purchasing and Supply Chain ( about Zara ) read the mooring study and answer the questions 1 and 2 - Essay ExampleThe buying decision process at Zara Zara produces wears for the global consumer market thus, the need to understand the buying process towards the air offers becomes a necessity in order to ensure that all programs target the needs of the consumer (Evans, et al 2004, p. 23). The garment store establishes that the emerging trends in the consumer market pose the feeling of deprivation as the female gender seeks to match with the prevailing trends in the market. For example, the company recognizes that the consumers realize that there is need to access the most current fashion on eyesight other influential characters wear the item. In most cases, Zara depicts the consumer needs through fashion advertisements in the idiot box media and analyzes that there could be relative consumer needs in the global market (Pahl and Mohring, 2008, p. 40). Therefore, Zara establis hes consumer need recognition as the first approach the consumers take towards the companys programs. Zara understands that consumers search for the right information concrning the emerging fashion trends. The company establishes that different sources of information may serve to deviate or enhance consumer knowledge and reason thus, the best initiative that the company establishes should focus on availing effective information (Evans, et al., 2004, p. 30). Zara creates an informative flow that affects efficacy in reaching the customers at the right time. The company depends on on lineage and television advertisements to relay information to the consumers at a critical time, when the consumer seeks for the available fashions as advertised in the television shows. In response to the outgrowth consumer anxiety to access information, Zara designs relevant fashions and distributes them throughout the chain stores while ensuring effective advertisement of the offer. This purview tame s consumer committedness thus, with the emergence of new fashion trends, the fashion consumer segments tend to search information on Zaras line of offer (Toru, 2007, p. 12). The clothing company researches and implements that the fashion business does not eradicate the problem of evaluation of alternatives as consumers seek to access the best offers out of the emerging trends (Rosenbloom, 2009, p. 70). Information linkages are turning the world into a global market place, and thus the consumer gains access to an effective criterion of assessing the value preposition of a trend all over another. Zara establishes the aspect that the global consumer may vary its products with those of the H&M and other close competitors. However, this fails to yield important pressure over the company based on the delivery criteria (Evans, et al., 2004, p. 34). Although this is not a dependant aspect in marketing, Zara improves it through ensuring quality and progressive innovation, which controls a ll perceptions of the global consumer to assume that Zara offers the desired products duly and to the evaluate status. Consumers seem to establish different buying decisions with effect to their distinct perceptions towards products. The fashion market depicts convergence in the buying decisions as outweighing the differences. For example, the Zara company outlets tend to offer standardized products in the different countries they operate

How to use social media to promote the business Essay

How to use social media to promote the business - canvass ExampleTo gain important information ab come forward how social media will be applied to the merchandising strategy of Tazaki Sushi restaurant, I included a question in the feedback catalogue about how the customers found out about the organization. An analysis of how competitors were using social media was also conducted based on their presence in animate social media platforms.Organizations that have successfully used social media to attract customers to their services have includes aspects such as creating fan page on Facebook, Twitting different aspects of their operations to customers, developing blogs and creating alert Google systems that give feedback on activities link the organization in different online avenues. Consequently, Tazaki Sushi restaurant should Tazaki Sushi restaurant adopt these measures to be able to improve its cognisance which will translate into more customers especially since the restaurant has a reputation of offering high woodland services.It is recommended that Tazaki Sushi restaurant should have regular update of its website as an important source of information for more veritable services offered by the organization. Increased presence in social media should also be accompanied by promotions and incentives to increase the level of activities carried out in these avenues.Tazaki Sushi is a Japanese restaurant located in old area in San Francisco. The restaurant has good reputation by providing high quality service and healthy price to its customers. Normally, repeat customers were a major source of business for the restaurant. However, the restaurant has not gained much recognition, not many people know about the restaurant except the repeat customers. Given the increased argument in the area of authentic traditional cuisine (Ebster and Guist 42), Tazaki Sushi should develop a practical solution to the

Evaluate how the NATIONAL GRID TRANSCO applies the expectation and Essay

appreciate how the NATIONAL GRID TRANSCO applies the expectation and requirements of corporate governance - Essay ExampleThis framework even encompasses procedures and rules which ar undertaken while framing corporate affair decision. It highlights the process by means of which are objectives are train and achieved in terms of market, social and regulatory environment. Governance mechanism takes into consideration opposite elements such as monitoring decisions, actions and policies of agents as well as corporations. On basis of this framework, actions undertaken by management are almost monitored in order to eliminate any form of agency risks. However contemporary interest of this judgment is related to mitigating conflicting interests amongst stakeholders. There are various approaches implemented to prevent such conflicts such as well defined processes, institutions, laws, policies and customs. An important component of corporate governance is extent and nature of corporate ac countability. In this study corporate governance framework of a particular firm get out be well analyzed known as National gridiron Transco. It is a multinational company of electricity and shoot a line utility, and has its headquarters in London. The firm has its principal operations in North-eastern United States and United Kingdom. National Grid Plc., was founded in 1990 and in current decade has a market capitalization of 31.4 billion. The company has gone by means of a series of mergers and acquisitions but the most important merger took place in 2002 where Transcos proprietor Lattice Group Plc., merged with National Grid Group. This in turn resulted into a new face which came to be known as National Grid Transco Plc. In this study corporate governance expectations will be analyzed on the basis of practices undertaken by National Grid Transco.There are different theoretical frameworks related to corporate governance but some amongst them holds great deal of significance i n modern era. Finance or principal-agent model is a well known corporate

HealthCare Reform in the United States Research Proposal - 1

HealthC be Reform in the United States - Research proposal ExampleBased on the study conducted by the Pacific Institute on Research and rating (PIRE) in 1999, almost 3,500 deaths are caused by drinkers of below the age of twenty one every family (STATS, 2005). In fact, the Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy (2001) reports that approximately 70% to 80% of road accidents come to pass due to alcohol consumption amongst youngsters below the age of 25. Thus, evaluation needs to be conducted to review the quick policies and come up with sound whole tones that would cut across the policy criteria effectively to address the teen drunk-driving fatalities problem. concord to the Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy (2001), alcohol product pricing has an effect on the place of the consumption of alcohol in the society. Studies have demystified that if all other factors are held constant, alcohol price increment in general results in a return in alcohol consumption, and the opposite i s true. The regimes of taxation are a platform from which alcohol price can be influenced.Most governments use their political autarchy for raising revenue to fulfil its goals of protecting the freedom and wellbeing of the citizens. Generally, the revenue comes from taxes. Alcohol is a hearty source for raising government revenue in most countries. The benefits of increasing taxation on deluge beverages lie on the basis of public health view. Taxing alcohol as a measure of policy is relatively elementary and acceptable by the government who obtain revenue from it to fulfil its polity of satisfying public needs. Through making the alcoholic drinks more expensive, there would be a decrease in per capita consumption and this would in turn reduce the problems associated with it. From a public health perspective, taxing alcoholic drinks would prevent both social and health problems and minimize alcohol-based burden on society. Thus, aside from just keep back drunk-driving

How Life Can Be Changeable and Incredibly Frenzied Essay - 4

How Life Can Be Changeable and Incredibly wild - Essay ExampleIt was until his condition became worse that he qualified for palliative care and a get of nurses as well as social workers could attend to him. His conditions included pneumonia and caused his chest to grow wheezy. This disease was identifies as the best friend for my father since it offered an opportunity for slow death. Butlers entire move depicts a literal and emotional piece especially since it is nearly the slow death of her father. Bridget Potter in her essay The lucky Girl describes her endeavors as she tries to get rid of an unwanted pregnancy during the eras when it was illegal. She uses her story to explain the dangers that women had to endure prior to legalization of spontaneous abortion in America. In her story, she points out most people especially women pursuit for abortion lack any other option in mind even if realistically credence is an option. This is the priming she has to beg the doctors to cla im her condition as necrotic so that she would undergo the process of abortion in a hospital. Performing illegal abortions can cause unnecessary deaths and for this reason, it would only be unobjectionable to let women choose affordable, safe and legal methods of abortions. In the essay Topic of Cancer, Christopher Hitchens provides information about his struggles with esophagus cancer. He confirms that a number of times, he had woken up feeling akin death, but it did not feel as it did when it was confirmed that he had the cancer illness. In his description, he explains that he felt like he had manacled to his own corpse. In his essay, it is essential to signalise the intellectual rather than the emotional bit since it very dominates his entire writing. The theme of death and suffering that accompanies it are very evident in this essay as Hitchens describes the pain he felt from his thorax and chest. An individual listening to his description can picture the airing struggles h e had to endure, and as he explains how the above parts appeared to have emptied out and then replenished with cement that was soft drying. Breathing is the ideal meaning of life since difficulties in breathing result to much negativity such as excessive beating of the heart and strenuous efforts in doing simple things like breathing and walking. jibe to Hitchens, emergency individuals are kind hearted, engage professionalism and courtesy, and the ability to save lives. Those used in the essay that aid Hitchens carefully worked on his heart and lungs guaranteeing that he did not have to put up with death. In the one-third essays, sickness and death are common themes although is one of the essay, the Lucky Girl, the condition is not really sickness. Hitchenss and Butlers essay provide a clear analysis of the differences of the employees in hospitals. The emergency faction in Hitchens essay is very humble and passionate and treats him with great care to the extent that his serm on is fruitful resulting to his survival. On the other hand, the nurses providing medication for Butlers father were ignorant and did not identify the causative disease for her fathers death. If they would have identified the initial signs of pneumonia, they would have had a reason to hospitalize him and offer him the required treatment. Similarly, Potter shows the kind of attitude that Doctors have towards assisting some of the patients who are in great need.

Business Research Proposal Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Proposal - Research Paper ExampleIn accompaniment to exploration of weaknesses, opportunities bequeath also be identified to take the eating place from good to great. By differentiating itself from the evolution number of similar, family-themed restaurants saturating the market, Olive Garden an increase in market share is predictable. BACKGROUND The intended auditory sense of this business research proposal is the Olive Gardens CEO and the regional manager accountable for the Miami, Florida location. The specific problems to be addressed are restroom cleanliness and sanitization, length of wait to be seated upon check-in, and deprivation of staff efficiency. After visiting this location on several occasions, at various times and on different days of the week, these three issues have been reoccurring. By focusing on these three issues, the restaurant will have made great strides toward reaching its full potential. An improvement that would allow the restaurant to diff erentiate itself from otherwise similar style restaurants is offering squirt care to customers. In my experience, family and friends with children have wanted to go let out to a romantic dinner for a date night, but were unable to find a babysitter. Providing child care as a free service to guests will increase the restaurants market share by tapping into an area of the market that is perhaps non-existent. Personally, I have never been to a restaurant that offers such a service.

I need a research proposal that is related to nursing

I need a that is related to nursing - Research proposal of marriage Example5 series of 2008, setting new policies/standards and increasing Bachelor of care for to a 5-year bunk from its previous 4-year program. Drawing from perceptions of graduates before and after the CHED Memo NO. 5 ( School Years 2005-2010), the strengths and weaknesses of the old curriculum (SY2005-2009) and the new (SY 2009-2010) can be assessed (Simbulan, p.1). The proposed study pull up stakes gather data on perceptions of CEU College of Nursing graduates, who passed the Nursing board examination, and have been employed as professional nurses in the country or abroad. Their opinions will be drawn not only from their years of education, but the actual application of their knowledge, competence, and commitment to the profession. evaluation research shall be applied to determine whether the CHED social intervention produced the intended results, using the method of check into and interview of respondents dr awn randomly from the list of practicing CEU nursing graduate-professionals. Response variables consist in the relevance and authorisation of (a) the required general education subjects (b) theoretical foundation and fundamentals of nursing practice, and (c) apprenticeship program. Survey instruments shall be farmed pop out and retrieved by way of e-mail or letters through the assistance of the CEU Alumni Foundation. Both qualitative and decimal analysis shall be done, utilizing survey and open interview data results.

Outline and assess the different explanations of poverty in society Essay

Outline and assess the different explanations of scantness in society - seek ExampleMoving further ahead, we need to outline and assess the exact manner as to wherefore poverty exists in the society and what atomic number 18 the reasons for the same being within it as well.Poverty exists because thither is a general feeling of helplessness within the society and more so, on those people who are at the helm of it. This means that poverty exists due to a certain reason helplessness caused by greed and selfishness of other individuals who can bring about a change within the society further prefer to keep themselves at ease and in the process earn more and more with individually passing day. Thus selfishness within the elites is surely one problem that brings to light the issue of poverty in front of one and all. Poverty can be minimized but not really finished since one catastrophe or the other on the face of the earth brings misery for the people chthonic discussion and hence this leads to poverty which is basically fed upon them. However there are other reasons for poverty to exist within the society as well.Another point that is of significance here includes exploitation at all possible levels. It means that people who know work but do not nominate authority to right market it are exploited upon and basically they get used by others who are most definitely the people sitting at the top, at least on them. The hierarchy is then set from top to bottom, where the top most man or woman is doing certain things which are ask for favors, though in the rightful sense for a cheap cost. It means that no matter how properly the job is done by the skillful labor, he would not be paid for his work which is in accordance with the natural justice. In fact he will be told to accept at a price which would be way below the mark in order to win future assignments of a similar nature. This entices the laborer to give in his best, but for a

Internal auditor in a company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

intragroup auditor in a company - Essay ExampleYour organization must prioritize holdfast the chronicle flaws in the system because the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 has raised the accountability of executive managers. The company needs a professional assessment of its internal control deficiencies. The firm must hire an internal auditor as soon as possible to evaluate the firms accounting system and recommend disciplinary actions. The Institute of Internal Auditors defines internal audit as an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to bestow value and improve an organizations operations (Menk). During the past decade the auditing field is growing in demand due to new regulations such as the Sarbanes Oxley Act which have raised the bar for accounting professionals. Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act mandates that all public companies establish internal control mechanisms and procedures (Searchfinancialsecurity, 2011). These mechanisms must be tried an d true on a recurrent basis for accuracy and effectiveness. The best person to put in dash of this task is an internal auditor. Due to the fact that the company must continue the internal auditing process yr long it is cheaper for the company to hire an internal auditor full time than to outsource the work to another(prenominal) accounting firm.

Case Study on Jewish Culture Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

On Jewish Culture - Case Study typesetters upshotTherefore, the supervisor did non do something helpful to Lisas request.The accommodations vary depending on an employee for instance in our case study when the employee needs days off for her religious holidays and Sabbath. Therefore, the employer has to arrange and make sure that his or her employee gets term off to meet her religious obligations (Anti-Defamation League, 2012, pp. 2). This can be possible through lateral transfers to other departments in the hospital, voluntary assignment substitutions, shift swap between the employees, flexible scheduling by allowing her to work on other national holidays in place of the days she needs the off day, and through use of her loose time to work to allow her early departures from work. The supervisor can also allow Lisa who is a Sabbath reviewer from Friday night to work for longer hours from Monday to Thursday so that she can get her off days on Fridays to Saturday evening.The supe rvisor did not show any situation of being culturally competent since he was not able to use the domain workforce issues. This would help him or her in assessing organizational culture and issues associated with the staves culture (Purnell, 2013, pp. 3-4). This type of framework is important for organizations management in portion them to guide the development of a care plan for the Jewish staff since their counterpart, the non-Jewish are not awake of the orthodox practices of Jewish. If the supervisor has been culturally competent, he would find a way of making Lisa feel satisfactory as well as ensuring there are no hardships in work because of Lisas absence.For an stiff meeting in order Lisa could pass her concerns and see them accepted, she should have an overview of her concerns in form of slides so that the squad could know all that is going on (parker & Hoffman, 2013, pp. 33). Through this, Lisa can find expectations and know

Global Transport Providers Essay Example for Free

Global Transport Providers EssayThe oceanic carriers transport providers have introduced the Advanced Transport Communications System (ATCS). The trucker exercises a GPS enabled cell-phone to enter knowledge about the truck which is then received in the carriers and shippers systems of trailing. They report when they pick up and deliver the warhead employ the first and stick up mile to track the freight. This form of bring in has been introduced by the embrasure of Oakland, the verbalize Area World Trade Centre and a group of technology partners and it reduces traffic congestion, air contamination and saves on time. However, one realizes that the rest of the journey is not tracked as only the first and last mile of the journey be reported. The cargo therefore bear get lost on its vogue to the destination point. The freight forwarders provide a tracking system that allows the importer to place orders through the web. There is use of Pangaea which is a system that aut omates the process. It connects the freight forwarders, importers, exporters and the custom brokers through the web. It informs them on the progress made by the cargo through the forwarders offices placed all over the world.There is besides the added advantage of line/part tracking feature offered by Pangaea which allows one to re-order, approximate impersonate and also the arrival control of cargo, contents of the containers and retrieval of line item detail (http//www. pangaeaworld. com/product-linepartaspx). It also has the aptitude to operate at a multi-national level using multi-lingual employees in their offices. This then opens up the market where they would operate their businesses and those of the customers.The Marine Association of the Port of refreshed York/New Jersey started the testing of the Automated make Vessel Tracking System(ASVT)in 2002. this system was developed by the Secure Assets Reporting run (SARS) of Bellevue Washington. By using this tracking syste m, the parties voluminous will be able to posit their vessels worldwide on both ocean transit and on inland water focussings.. The information on berth and movement of the cargo carrying ship is available by the use of an encrypted password on the internet.The Secured Assets Reporting Services uses multiple satellite sources thus increase the ability of tracing the cargo at sea. The information tail endister also be shared with the state and federal Homeland Security agencies thus increasing the ability to trace cargo when on transit and reduce chances of its getting lost. Advantages and disadvantages When using ocean carriers, there are various advantages and disadvantages. When used efficiently, there is reduction of cot as it carries more than cargo thus more is under surveillance at a go.By using cell-phones to track cargo it makes it easier as anyone can do so from any part of the world. The study disadvantage of this system is the fact that it only checks when the cargo is picked up or delivered. It does not extend to when the cargo is on transit. Also it is special phone brands that can be used for this tracking system. The major advantage of the freight is that it is available over the internet. It also keeps the parties involved informed of position of the cargo as this is done via internet. It is also operated at multinational level with offices in all market locations.The major disadvantage of freight forwarders is that it is very costly due to long hold shipping thus limiting ability of a small scale establishment to operate internationally. It also makes the tracking of the cargo expensive as it is done over a longer distance. The other major disadvantage is tat it does not cover the journey if one is not connected to the web. The port tracking system is designed to track the cargo on transit while revealing this information to a specific person only thus increasing security of who gets the information.The cargo is also tracked at sea by use of satellite whereby by using multiple satellite sources, the information is eternally available. The disadvantages are the requirements to have a computer system and ability to use it also a big money of patchpower is needed to run the system. Recommendations Based on the research done and the information gotten, the best fellowship for DD is the port tracking system. The rationale behind this conclusion is because the port tracking system has a way of tracking the cargo even at sea.This enables one to know at which point a specific cargo is. Also the fact that there are multiple satellite sources ensures that breakdown of one does not lead to loss of cargo. Each satellite source confirms the others information and nay anomaly is quickly noticed. By giving a password that is used to get the information from the internet means that information is not tampered with. It also ensures that only the relevant authority gets the information. By getting the information on exact posi tion it means one can be able to conduct their sales with more precision.This is because delivery date is predictable on approximation. Finally, the disadvantages faced are also to be lay down in the other systems. The man power required is same as in the other systems and use of computers is also to be found in the freight forwarders while being substituted by cell phones in ocean carriers systems.Reference Buxbaum P. A, 2007. Port Equipment and Technology Tracking Last Mile Data. http//www. bawtc. com/tradenews-details-asp? partnerID=ArticleID=13317

My watch Essay Example for Free

My suss out Es showMy beautiful new bring in had forge eighteen months without losing or gaining, and without breaking any part of its machinery or stopping. I had come to believe it foolproof in its judgments about the time of daylight, and to consider its constitution and its anatomy imperishable. unless at sound, sensation night, I let it run down. I grieved about it as if it were a recognized messenger and forerunner of calamity. But by and by I cheered up, set the watch by guess, and commanded my bodings and superstitions to depart. Next day I stepped into the head word jewelers to set it by the exact time, and the head of the establishment took it out of my hand and proceeded to set it for me. Then he say, She is quad minutes slow regulator wants pushing up.I tried to stop him tried to apply him understand that the watch kept perfect time. But no any last(predicate) this human cabbage could get wind was that the watch was four minutes slow, and the regulat or MUST be pushed up a little and so, plot of ground I danced around him in anguish, and implored him to let the watch alone, he calmly and cruelly did the shameful deed. My watch began to gain. It gained faster and faster day by day. Within the week it sickened to a raging f ever so, and its pulse went up to a hundred and fifty in the shade. At the end of two months it had left every(prenominal) the horologes of the town far in the rear, and was a fraction entirely over thirteen days ahead of the almanac. It was a guidance into November enjoying the snow, firearm the October leaves were still turning. It hurried up house rent, bills payable, and much(prenominal) things, in such a ruinous way that I could non abide it. I took it to the watchmaker to be regulated. He asked me if I had ever had it repaired. I tell no, it had never needed any repairing.He looked a look of vicious happiness and eagerly pried the watch open, and indeed put a small dice box into his eye and pe ered into its machinery. He said it wanted cleaning and oiling, besides regulating come in a week. After being cleaned and oiled, and regulated, my watch slowed down to that degree that it ticked like a tolling bell. I began to be left by trains, I failed all appointments, I got to missing my dinner my watch strung out three days grace to four and let me go to protest I gradually drifted back into yesterday, then day before, then into last week, and by and by the comprehension came upon me that all solitary and alone I was lingering along in week before last, and the world was out of sight. I seemed to detect in myself a sort of sneak fellow-feeling for the mummy in the museum, and desire to swap news with him. I went to a watch maker again.He took the watch all to pieces while I waited, and then said the barrel was swelled. He said he could reduce it in three days. After this the watch AVERAGED well, but nothing more. For half a day it would go like the very mischief, and cargo h old up such a barking and wheezing and whooping and sneezing and snorting, that I could not hear myself think for the disturbance and as long as it held out there was not a watch in the land that stood any chance against it. But the rest of the day it would keep on slowing down and fooling along until all the clocks it had left behind caught up again. So at last, at the end of twenty-four hours, it would trot up to the judges stand all right and just in time. It would show a fair and square average, and no man could say it had done more or less than its duty. But a correct average is only a mild virtue in a watch, and I took this instrument to another watchmaker. He said the kingbolt was broken. I said I was glad it was nothing more serious. To tell the plain truth, I had no idea what the kingbolt was, but I did not choose to appear ignorant to a stranger.He repaired the kingbolt, but what the watch gained in one way it lost in another. It would run awhile and then stop awhile, and then run awhile again, and so on, using its own discretion about the intervals. And every time it went off it kicked back like a musket. I padded my breast for a a couple of(prenominal) days, but finally took the watch to another watchmaker. He picked it all to pieces, and turned the ruin over and over under his glass and then he said there appeared to be something the matter with the hair- trigger. He obdurate it, and gave it a fresh start. It did well now, except that always at ten minutes to ten the manpower would shut together like a pair of scissors, and from that time forth they would travel together. The oldest man in the world could not make head or tail of the time of day by such a watch, and so I went again to have the thing repaired. This person said that the crystal had got bent, and that the mainspring was not straight. He also remarked that part of the works needed half- soling.He made these things all right, and then my timepiece performed unexceptionably, save th at now and then, after working along quietly for nearly eight hours, everything inside would let go all of a sudden and begin to buzz like a bee, and the hands would immediately begin to spin round and round so fast that their individuality was lost completely, and they simply seemed a delicate spiders web over the face of the watch. She would reel off the next twenty-four hours in half dozen or seven minutes, and then stop with a bang. I went with a heavy heart to one more watchmaker, and looked on while he took her to pieces.Then I prepared to cross-question him rigidly, for this thing was acquiring serious. The watch had cost two hundred dollars originally, and I seemed to have paid out two or three thousand for repairs. While I waited and looked on I presently recognized in this watchmaker an old acquaintance a steamboat engineer of other days, and not a slap-up engineer, either. He examined all the parts carefully, just as the other watchmakers had done, and then delivered h is verdict with the same confidence of manner.He said She makes too much steam you want to hang the monkey-wrench on the safety-valveI brained him on the spot, and had him buried at my own expense.My uncle William (now deceased, alas) used to say that a good horse was a good horse until it had run away once, and that a good watch was a good watch until the repairers got a chance at it. And he used to wonder what became of all the unsuccessful tinkers, and gunsmiths, and shoemakers, and engineers, and blacksmiths but nobody could ever tell him

Infinite Truth Essay Example for Free

unlimited Truth EssaySince the dawn of philosophical thought there has been a desire to find law. like a shot exactly what right is depends upon whom you ask. Philosophers have been searching for truth in various gradations for at least as far back as Aristotle in the first century B. C. on the whole the way up to Carl Hempel in the 20th century A. D. To Aristotle and Plato truth was reality To Descartes truth was put in matinee idol To Hempel truth was found in explanation. N superstar of these atomic number 18 accurate and yet solely(prenominal) of them apex toward the same truth.Reality, as delimit by Plato and Aristotle, God, as proved be Descartes and ideal explanation as modeled by Hempel, all allude to the same thing. They point out that mankind is a finite being and that truth is simply attainable in limitless understanding, an impossibility of man at our current stage of development. Two of the early known men to approach the study of reality, or metap hysics were Plato and his student/rival Aristotle. These two inquisitors of reality looked at it from opposite schools of thought.Plato sought after answers by looking at the homo with an outside/in point of view. Meaning he utilize what he perceived in the world to draw conclusions. Aristotle on the otherwise hand approached the world from an inside/out perspective. He applied his thoughts and beliefs to the world. Aristotles beliefs lead to him distinguishing tho one level of reality. He felt there was single one imminent world and that forms existed within feature things. Aristotle held that form had no solitary existence and existed in matter.In order to exempt that form is an indwelling trait of matter he quotes Antiphon and points out that if you planted a bed and the rotting forest acquired the power of sending up a shoot, it would not be a bed that came up, but wood. (Matthews, pg. 9) To Aristotle the form of the matter was wood and form is the unchanging reality. Platos view of metaphysics shows two realms to our reality there is the realm of changing, sense-perceptible, meet things and a realm of forms eternal, fixed, and perfect. The realm of form was the source of all reality and of all true knowledge. two Plato and Aristotle use form to describe reality, which to them is truth, as being eternal in nature. So truth is eternal, or infinite in nature, but what of Platos other realm, the realm of apprehension. Plato, in the republic, gives an in depth explanation of how he views this sense-perceptible realm. He uses his simile of the cave. In the allegory, Plato compares people, unlearned in his theory of forms, to prisoners chained in a cave. They are unable to turn their heads. All they base see is the wall of the cave and behind them burns a fire.Between the fire and the prisoners there is a parapet, along which puppeteers can walk. The puppeteers, who are behind the prisoners, hold up puppets that cast shadows on the wall of the cave . The prisoners are unable to see these puppets, the real objects that pass behind them. What the prisoners see and hear are shadows and echoes cast by objects that they do not see. Such prisoners would mistake appearance for reality. They would approximate the things they see on the wall were real. They would know nothing of the real causes of the shadows.So if the prisoners were to talk to one some other or so a passing object and called it a doll they would think they are talking about a doll, but they are really talking about a shadow. (Plato, Book VII) Plato portrays in his allegory of the cave a dualistic view of truth. He speaks of the eternal properties of form as Aristotle does, but he also adds his insight into mankinds finitude and inability to perceive the realm of forms all told. The fact that people take as truth what they perceive will plague philosophers into the young era.Much later, in the 17th century A. D., in his Third hypothesis Descartes proves the exist ence of God. He builds his entire argument upon his proof in the previous supposition that in order for him to think, he must exist. From this single observation, Descartes notices that the idea of his existence is very clear and obvious in his mind based upon this clarity and the fact that he has just determined his own existence, he deduces a rule. All the things that he sees as very clear and very distinct are all true. He and then rationalises that he knows that he is imperfect due to the fact that he has doubts. Clearly, knowing is much perfect than doubting.From this notion, he realizes that within him lies this idea of a perfect being and that he is incapable of producing this idea alone. Descartes also determines several qualities that God possesses merely by observing himself. Descartes thought that whatever ideas he himself had, if they contained perfections, then God would possess them. If the ideas were in any way imperfect, then God would not possess them. The attr ibutes of God that Descartes came up with are that He is infinite, independent, supremely intelligent, supremely powerful, and which created myself and everything else (Descartes, Pg.45). Descartes then makes the point that he has the idea of infinite describing God.At the same time, Descartes is a finite being. Since it has already been open up that this more perfect idea of limitlessness cannot come from the less perfect idea of finiteness, the idea could not have originated from Descartes alone. Therefore, Descartes concludes that God necessarily exists and in so doing is infinite. In his Principles on Philosophy Descartes describes how God is the primary cause of motion and that he ceaselessly maintains an equal quantity of it in the human beings.(Matthews, pg. 99) To Descartes God is the infinite cause and balance in the universe. Descartes states in the commencement ceremony of his proof that all things clear and distinct are true. That is no more accurate than saying th at all ideas that are ambiguous to someone are unconditionally untrue. He also states, the existence of God depends on the clarity and distinctness with which we perceive the idea of God. Therefore, if to me, it was not clear and distinct then it would not necessarily be true. But the clarity and distinctness of our thoughts depends on the existence of God.This seems to be a very rotary argument and is dependent on the existence of God to prove the existence of God. Again human perception falls short of truth. Do people understand truth more in more modern settings? Over the course of the 20th century Carl Hempel came up with two models of human explanation that he nonionic as ideals. Bas Van Fraassen puts forth a few problems with the models. The problems he states are asymmetry, relevance, low hazard, and legality. These are not the problems with the models.The real problems come from, as Hempel puts it, the universal laws invoked?can have only been established on the founding of a finite carcass of evidence, which surely affords no exhaustive verification. (Balashov, pg. 51) He also says that because of this all the laws used in the deductive-nomological method of explanation are all only probabilistic. This means that the only method that Hempel in truth explains is his probabilistic method. Since all laws have been shown to be probabilistic the problem falls back to the fact that they been established on the basis of a finite body of evidence and therefore causes an epistemological problem.We cant desex to what degree our laws are true. We cant know the probability of these laws on an infinite scale. Hempels models should be taken as models for ideal situations, for if we had the knowledge of infinity then the laws call for would be defined and all of the infinite variables could be accounted for. So true explanation can only be attained with infinite understanding. The search for truth is as old as man himself. The world in which we live seems as true to us as anything. We see, feel, smell and touch what is around us and yet we cannot accept that that is all there is. man instinctively has a need to organize, order and explain the universe. We have concepts like reality, God and perfection, all of which we cannot completely grasp. We are not perfect and we are not sure what it means to be real, for we know only what we can sense and yet we know our senses can fool us or be wrong. If our senses and thoughts are the only way for us to interpret the universe and they can be fooled then we cannot know what is real. We cannot full explain anything. And yet we have a need, a desire for a force that is infinite and true. We pretend that force God.For in God is explanation and truth and the infinite understanding that we lack. God is what we use to explain Platos form and we are the shackled prisoners in a cave of illusion. Work Cited Balashov, Yuri and Rosenberg, Alex. Philosophy of Science modern Readings. Routledge Taylor and F rancis Group. NY 2002 Descartes. God and Human Nature Third Meditation Matthews, Michael. The Scientific Background to Modern Philosophy. Hackett Publishing Co. capital of Indiana 1989 only probabilistic. This means that the only method that Hempel actually explains is his probabilistic method.Since all laws have been shown to be probabilistic the problem falls back to the fact that they been established on the basis of a finite body of evidence and therefore causes an epistemological problem. We cant define to what degree our laws are true. We cant know the probability of these laws on an infinite scale. Hempels models should be taken as models for ideal situations, for if we had the knowledge of infinity then the laws needed would be defined and all of the infinite variables could be accounted for. So true explanation can only be attained with infinite understanding. The search for truth is as old as man himself.The world in which we live seems as true to us as anything. We see, f eel, smell and touch what is around us and yet we cannot accept that that is all there is. Man instinctively has a need to organize, order and explain the universe. We have concepts like reality, God and perfection, all of which we cannot completely grasp. We are not perfect and we are not sure what it means to be real, for we know only what we can sense and yet we know our senses can fool us or be wrong. If our senses and thoughts are the only way for us to interpret the universe and they can be fooled then we cannot know what is real.We cannot fully explain anything. And yet we have a need, a desire for a force that is infinite and true. We name that force God. For in God is explanation and truth and the infinite understanding that we lack. God is what we use to explain Platos form and we are the shackled prisoners in a cave of illusion. Work Cited Balashov, Yuri and Rosenberg, Alex. Philosophy of Science Contemporary Readings. Routledge Taylor and Francis Group. NY 2002 Descartes . God and Human Nature Third Meditation Matthews, Michael. The Scientific Background to Modern Philosophy. Hackett Publishing Co. Indianapolis 1989.

Did I request thee, Maker, from my clay Essay Example for Free

Did I request thee, Maker, from my clay turn outDid I request thee, Maker, from my clay/ To mould thee man? Did I solicit thee/ From darkness to promote me? Adams speech communication appear in 1818 edition of FR. What light do they cast on the Creature? Does Shelley present him as monster or victim? By using the above quote from Paradise bemused (printed in the epigraph on the title page of Frankenstein) Shelley has shown that she does test some par each(prenominal)els with Gods creation of man and Frankensteins creation. However through the new(a) Shelley expresses more opinions and criticisms of society which were influenced by her own family circumstances and her vast reading.She makes constant reference to family and the concept of lunacy and by examining how the creature is treated we can form a better view on whether he is a monster or a victim. Shelley quickly gets the reader involved in the story by enabling us to read the letters Walton writes to his sister. Th is epistolary style gives a sense of realism to the tout ensemble story and thus prep ares us to hear Frankenstein and the creatures accounts later on through Waltons journal, which forms a frame for their versions of the story.Because we are hearing Frankensteins version through the eyes of Walton, a romantic character, who bitterly feel(s) the want of a promoter and quickly identifies Frankenstein as the sort of psyche who could satisfy this want, we may be hearing a dyed version of the events. We also mark the Creatures version told to Frankenstein and then recorded in Waltons journal. However, the eloquent rhetoric utilize by the creature give the impression that we are not reading an entirely prejudiced root of the creatures account who may otherwise begin appeared less articulate and more like a babbling monster.However, first of all I will examine Frankensteins narrative where we can look on that there is well-ordered emphasis put on the benevolence of the characte rs. His father passed his teenageder days perpetually occupied by the affairs of his country and his parents tender-hearted dispositions often made them enter the cottages of the poor. His mother is described as having a soft and pitying mind and his own early childhood memories are of his mothers soft caresses and his fathers smile of benevolent pleasure.This emphasis on the importance of benevolence can be traced to Shelleys father, William Godwin a radical thinker who believed that ecumenical benevolence would create a just and virtuous society and that a true solitaire could not be considered a moral being. Shelley by dedicating her book to her father would suckm to be showing that she believed and shared out in some of his philosophy and this would appear to be the slip of paper here. Before we hear the creatures story we see the use of both Romantic and Gothic imagery setting the scene.Frankenstein is enjoying the beauty of nature when a overlord war in the sky deport s place. This is a description of a storm which is taking place and Shelley much uses the weather and sublime scenery before the entry of the creature or when something unpleasant is close to to recurrence place. If we then start to look at the creatures narrative reported by Frankenstein to Walton (thus showing how Shelley has used a set of enclosing narratives Waltons narrative being the framing narrative with Frankensteins story cover in this and the creatures enclosed within that.) we see that his story is totally the opposite to Frankenstein. When we do see the entry of the creature we see that his first memories are the opposite to Frankensteins, they are not of benevolence he is rejected by his creator, followed by the repulsion and horror of the shepherd, followed by the villagers chasing him off and the DeLaceys and finally after saving the life of a young girl he is shot by a man. Accordingly, in his own words I was benevolent and good misery made me a fiend.The idea of the unfallen ground of innocence possessed before the creatures corruption, brought about from his contact with society, is something Shelley had come into contact with from her reading of Rousseaus books. The creature claims to have read Paradise Lost (believing it to be factual) and other books such as Plutarchs Lives and through these and listening to the DeLaceys he starts to build up a come across of the philosophy of society. He sees himself as the lowest of the low when he learns about the class system and when he sees his own reflection.The latter he describes as miserable deformity. Consequently the solitary and abhorred creature who believes himself to be miserably alone compares himself to Adam. However he realises that Adam had not been alone and his creator had not turned from him in disgust and abandoned him. Because no Eve soothed my sorrows nor shared my thoughts he sees that his only hope of happiness is to have a female version of himself created. Thus we see again parallels being drawn with the Paradise Lost story.Using eloquent and persuasive language Frankenstein is persuaded to create a second creature. Of course, he later decides against this and we see the creature once again facing a life alone, miserably alone and it is in this state we see him once again causing death and destruction. Some readers see that the book is a rejection of the unnecessary of romanticism, perhaps Shelley saw this excess in her husband Percy and felt the need to voice an objection. If a person becomes obsessed with the pursuit of knowledge then things can go wrong and this could be seen to be the case with Frankenstein.Others believe that Frankenstein represents a man who sees himself in the place of God who does not need a charwoman to have a child and if this is the case once again we can see that Shelley has shown how things can go wrong and instead of No father should claim the gratitude of his child as completely as I should deserve theirs we see a creature alone, miserably alone who sees the only manner forwards is the obliteration of one of (them) Consequently, it is my opinion the creature was a victim and that this is the way that Shelley intended us to judge him.She wished the readers to see that society has a indebtedness for everyone. We should not judge people by their appearance and we should take responsibility for the less fortunate people in our society. She was writing at the time of the industrial revolution and when many new scientific theories were being advanced and perhaps saw the danger of what could happen if people failed to take responsibility for their actions and perhaps even believed that it would one day be possible to create beings and wanted to discover that scientists would see that they had a responsibility for anything that they did create.The creature had no loving family or friends and no one to depict him and therefore it is inevitable that he would turn into a monster but a monster b ecause of the way he had been treated and therefore a victim. Am I to be thought the only criminal, when all human kind sinned against me?

Religion and Corruption in Nigeria Essay Example for Free

Religion and Corruption in Nigeria EssayIn the constitution of our nation faith feature prominently at the genuinely beginning. I the preamble to the 199 constitution, it is sustain and solemnly resolved that we intend to live in hrity and harmony as one indivisible and in dissolvable fevereigh nation under God. Indeed the overwhelming mighty of Nigerian be devotions people we gestate in the supremacy of God, we believe that God is the very basis of our individual lives and our corporate existence.We believe in and relate with supernatural realities through prayers and supplications and through the offering of sacrifices find churches, musgus shrines and Sunday prayer houses everywhere in the land we take part in crusades, worship sessions and might rights, we offer sacrifices and observe fasting days and religions holidays, and we so in large numbers on religion is pilgrimages to Jerusalem and mecca, taking pride in being c completelyed Jerusalem pilgrims (JP) or Alhaji thro ughout our lives. While thee is noticeable decline in religion farour in may parts of the world to lay the religion inter measure seem to thrive very much in Nigeria, as more and more company wargon houses private buildings, schools, and our spirit stadia ar being courted to prayer bena, and the stadia hort more religion crusades than for spiriting events. It is noticeable that street within our town and villages as wellspring as inter-state in high spiritsways are often blocked these days by enthusiastic worshippers who flock to church and battalion meetings.It is not and exaggeration to state that there are as umteen churches and Mosques as there are streets in our urban areas. According to Norimitsa Onishi in an article in new York seasons march 13,2002 Christianity is emergence faster in sub-Saharan Africa than in any other place on earth. Roman universality and the other Major protestant denomination are gaing mine follows everyday, but new churches are star the b oom.Within this religion firmament, bishops, evangelists pastors, prophet, faith leaders and visionaries, as well as sheikhs, mams and gurus of all sorts are ball in number and having a failed day in recent past a new proportionality has been added to the throwing religions enterprise. And this is the increased patronage of high ranking public official who not openly call for and sponsm unremitting prayers sessions in different churches and prayer houses go through themselves become born again Christians and prayer erchants, often appear at church crusades and prayer vigils with all the paraphernalia of public office and sometimes grabbing the microphone to fall sanctiononion homilies and earthshaking prayers. Also worthy of note is that these days prayer and preaulims sessions are no longer throttle to churches, Mosques and homes, but they are held in government offices, in commercial buses, corporate boardrooms and in open markets. Nigerian going about their daily businesse s are seen brandishing the Bible Wkoran, the Rosary or Islamic prayer beads.The langeil blame boards in our town and cities are those colvertising up flood tide religions crusades are faith healing carnivals. The exclamations, to God be the glory, praise the Lord, the Lord is God, Bless you, and Alaahu wa Kbar, are often on the lips of Nigeria at worker at play from the exacted members of the National Executive council or Council of State to the young own who are about to grim common entrance examination.Succinctly put from all outward indication Nigerians are a inveterate religions people. Unarguably one can perrps say about there is no nation in the modem world unit as muner religiosity as contemporary Nigerian . Now how do you place the religion piety of Nigeria with the endemic decadency in our society ? With all the show of religiosity one would have expected to see a very high degree of social morality in Nigeria, since all world religions generally promote truth, justice, honesty and probity.But this is a reverse case withy us. The is an demeaning contradiction between the high ethical demands of the religion profess by majority of Nigerian and the phenomenon of rottenness greed and graft that has earned our country one of the most corrupt nation in the world. round observes of the phenomenon actually say that corruption is so endemic in the Nigeria society that the society economic and semipolitical system can almost not tinetion without it.Along side religiosity corruption in its many shapes and sizes is becoming in Nigeria- from the petty bribery taken in the work in the office or the policeman at the check point, to the grand corruption by which huge project read are hurriedly awarded, not for the sake of common good, but because of the greed awarding official, who requires some money via contract kick-baiks The Nigeria society is prevalence with frauct, thievery and roguery even as our environment is a wash with prayers and ritual sacrific es to the God of truth, justice and sanctity.Doesnt it seen a contradictory to many highly placed Nigeria hat they malversate and misappropriate stupendous a turn ons of public and company, and even church funds while at the identical time trying to occupy the front seats and even struggle or pray to take religion titles in their churches corruption is so perverse that it has infiltrated every facet of the Nigeria society procure medical certificates of physical fitness from hospitals when they have not undergone any medicate testy nonplus sick leave permits from doctors when they hale and hearty, extrapolate the age of their children obtain fake certificate in order to gel them to school or obtain jobs for them, routinely swear to false affidavit in order to obtain false age declarations when quest employment etc. it is a statement or fast that many or those who today and drivers attest have never been to a drawing school. They simply pay for the license and declare themselve s drivers thereby place the lives of genuine drivers into jeopardy.Many of our country men who flock our churches on Sundays and fill the mosque on Fridays are constantly involve in such fraudulent activities as evading tax, issuing and obtaining of take receipts, over invoicing and under invoicing consequence of take drugs, petty and large scale bribery, take anclit report, adverse fee frond, ete. All these utilisations are so common place so inside spread that many Nigerian youths can not describe between good eril or between what is right and wrong. As a result, corruption in Nigeria has been describe as system, and the consequence are legion corruption has bred in efficiency and diminished productivity in both the public and private sectors of the economy.It has discourage investment, fuelled capital flight, increased unemployment and inflation, created and acute degree of poverty, brought about a severe decline in the quality of life and life expectancy in Nigeria and given Nigeria and Nigeria a terribly bad image in the cornity of Nations. Infant corruption is an affront on human dignity and an assault on the human conscience apart from being a negation of the Christian rocation to promote holiness and righteousness in the world. Are they truly Christians? This question is pertinent and fundamental because many of our people who ask in the sharp practices enumerated above would like to be seen as pious Christians. But really are they?Do they really know the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, the God of holiness and righteousness, who in Leviticus 192 says be holy for the Lord am holy Do they really know the God of Moses and Joshua who on mount Siriat presented the ten commandment as the tempt of his contract with him people insisting that fidelity to this ethical scratch is what exit distinguish his people from others? Do Nigerian who pack to worship God, but who at the same time offer and take bribe, defraud, evade tax and circumvent justice know the God of Mosses who in Exodus 228 says You will accept no bribes, for a bribe blinds the clear perceive and is the cause of the ruin of the upright.Do they know the God of the prophets who in Isaiah 3315 says that the person who will be qualified to be in his presence is the one who acts uprightly and speaks honestly, who scorns to be rich by extortion, who rejects bribes out of hand, who refuses to listen to plan involving bloodshed and shuts his eyes rather than countenance crime. Do Nigerian worshippers who desexualize a daily show of their religiosity known that what the Lord truly require of us is to go to sleep terekerly, to do justice and to work humbly by me God (Micah68 John the Baptist while preparing for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ crudemned the kind of religion that thrives side by side with corruption as empty ritualism.In his addrer to those who gathered to listen to him, amongst whom were solders and tax collectors, he admonished Exalt no more than the name rate No intimidation. No Excntinu be content with your pay Luke 313-14. Jesus himself denounced the kind of religions practice that was not matched by high moral and ethical standards in realize that not all those who claim to be Christians will enter the kingdom of heaven but only those who do the will of the military chaplain Mathew 5. This Christianity make no room for crooks and fraudsters. It has no place for those who offered take bribes. Genuine Christianity does not accommodate the cnetire of gag rule in Nigeria to day.Therefore, faced with the contradiction and the embarrassment of a booming Christianity in the most of an environment that stinks with corruption and indiscipline, one is poise to conclude that what is spreading like wildfire in contemporary Nigeria is not genuine Christianity at all, but a masc movement with elements of Christian ritualism, one that is in large measure shallow, superficial, noisy and sinless of substance and depth. Popular Christian ity in Nigeria is often Materialistic and individualistic in orientation, with an in credibly high sense of devotion to the cult of material and physical prosperity, success and healing, and with little or no caution at all given to the social morality of the believing persons.

Reservation System Essay Example for Free

Reservation System EssayI. IntroductionA hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodge on a short-term basis. The provision of basic accommodation, in clippings past, consisting only of a dwell with a bed, a cupboard, a small table and a washstand has largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including en-suite bathrooms and air conditioning or climate control. The cost and quality of hotels are usually asserting(a) of the range and type of services available. As one of the fastest growing sectors of the economy of our time, the hotel industry completely is a multi-billion pesos and growing enterprise. It is exciting, never boring and offer unlimited opportunities. The hotel industry is diverse enough for the great unwashed to work in different areas of interest and still be employed within the hotel industry. But the heavyhearted things, small hotels still apply a manual military reserve establishment and they dont pretend a system of rules that c an minimize their jobs like a alter database system. Even the g everywherenment rung firms like NEDA round put forward have the budget but still use a manual system like log books.The main targets of this development are for the employees of NEDA STAFF HOUSE. This study aim to advantage the subject of our study, it go away minimize their work and can have a guarantor for their respective files. This study allow for also help the counselor-at-laws to enhance their knowledge in programming such(prenominal) as Microsoft slip application as well as teamwork end-to-end the study. Interaction and individual stimulation have everlastingly been linked to the technological availability of the time and place. With the transition to an information-based society, estimators and achievements have evolved from manual transaction. One of the solutions or alternatives to the chores that a hotel is facing, a system was being developed which can edit, delete, filter, monitor and stor e and secured the records of the customers.The propose system result help the cater theater of operations to decrease the work of the building administrator because they will be using a less effort like this automated system for their reservation.II. Background of the studyThe NEDA staff house started in 1970 so there employees from far provinces around the Philippines have a stopover in manila in case they have an appointment. Instead of accommodating in an expensive hotel, the staff house can give the same services but has a very low rate of overnight stay. For only P80 per night the staff house has a comfortable rooms and facilities that the NEDA employees can use throughout their stay. By calling the Building Administrator 5 days before they will check in and verify the reservation 2 days before check in, they can have a dovish overnight stay at the staff house. NEDA staff house accommodating over 13 regions of NEDA establishment offices all over the Philippines.Before, th e staff house has 20 staff from the main office of NEDA. They were residing at the staff house to have a temporary office. But nowadays new offices of NEDA established all over the metro manila like their main office at the Pasay city so the NEDA staff house needed only 4 employees (Building administrator, 2 Security Guards, 1 Janitor). As of now the NEDA staff house is still running and accepting accommodations from there other offices aroung the Philippines.III. Statement of the problemGeneral problem. The main problem of this study is the inaccurate reservation of the customers/NEDA Employees.Specific Problems The specific problems are the following1. Low in security for file storage2. Time monitoring are consuming3. Less data integrity4. obstruction in curious and retrieving files5. Possible loss of records and retrieving files6. Difficulty in starting the availability of rooms IV. accusive of the studyGeneral Objective. The study aims to solve the problem encountered and to change the manual reservation system. Using the proponents reservation system, it will lessen the work of the Building Administrator work. It will be head to have an automated reservation system.Specific Objective. The specific objectives are as follows1. To increase the security amid the management and staff.2. To lessen time consume.3. To highly integrate data.4. To spend less time in searching and retrieving of files.5. To take in a back up of files in every successful transaction. 6. To become make easier to find the availability rooms.V. Significance of the studyThis study will show how important is the automated reservation system than a manual system. It will benefit the followingManagementIt will help the management a lot by organizing the files properly in a small storage like a computer than a storage that is not so well secure like a storage room. They will have a report data that is easy to manage.Building AdministratorThe Building Administrator will benefit a lot in this project because she can manage the files by not using too much effort using a manual system. The administrator can also create a backup if something turns out revile on the system. She can also intimately update the wrong information of the customers/government employee reservation info.Security GuardsThe Security guards will benefit to the project because they will not need the help of the Building Administrator in case that shes not around. They can easily access the automated reservation system because they have the authority to use the system by accounting entry their username passwords.Other Lodging businessesThis study can also help other small lodging businesses such as motels, apartelle lodging, etc to their study about automated reservation system and made them realize how important the automated reservation system in their businesses. By this research, they will know the significance of this study to their business.Future researchersIt will also benefit the future researcher or students in NCBA which is taking the course of BSIS. This project gives an opinion on their research about reservation system.VI. Scope and LimitationsThis study is conducted to know the reason behind the proponents on how will their purposed systems will help the staff house management.The Proposed System is a Reservation System that is harmonious in the NEDA staff house. Because they accommodating their employees from around the Philippines, they do not have a database system that records the reservation of the employees only a log book record.This study mainly focused on providing application using computerized system that enables businesses to track services and aims to provide accurate and reliable dish out on every transaction especially in reservation. This study is looked into a better impact of using technologytoday on how it affects our daily lives especially for being the customer. With this studies it can help our beneficiaries to know the differences of using manual system to a computerized generation today, prioritize is to prove and to give them the right information.The limitation of the system has no inventory of relic used of the customer/government employees that have a reservation in the staff house. The customer cannot process a reservation online because only the Building administrator and the security guard duty on that time can access the system so they can manage some confidential files.

Oxford City Council Research Proposal Essay Example for Free

Oxford city Council look into Proposal EssayOxford City Council (OCC) provides a range of cycle services, including kerbside collection services and recycling sites where residents throw out deposit items for recycling. Such abstracts enable OCC to recycle approaching 40% of Oxford star sign ware currently. However, the UK government neediness to establish a recycling culture and push to set increase targets for ho workouthold recycling, with an aim of compass 50% by 2020.Following a novel (DEFRA) Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs foremost to in allow the use of financial incentives for household waste minimisation and recycling, OCC is considering the introduction of a pilot scheme in selected postcodes areas. This would involve the introduction of bins fitted with microchips to monitor how some(prenominal) recycling and other waste a household produces, leading to refunds from local taxation bills for a level-headed recycling performance or addit ional charges for a poor recycling performance.OCC is keen to understand likely reactions of residents to such a scheme and the overall reach that this business leader leave on household recycling rates. OCC has invited the marketing look for agency, Research Solutions to provide a proposal for marketing research to inform decision making. What is the research object? A research target area is basically the main objective of the research i. e. the purpose of carrying out the research forms the research objective. The research objective is basically formed on the basis of the background of the research that is being conducted.(Creswell 2008). In this case, the main out is recycling. This is due to the increasing population in the UK due to which the wastes have been increasing with a higher parcel. However, it is non a wise idea to leave the wastes just like that and it would be a very untroubled option to recycle the waste so that it can be utilized again as the resources we confess in the world today are limited but the demands of the people are unlimited. Therefore, it is always a good idea to alleviate as much as possible so that we can save our future generations from suffering.The research objective of this research is that the UK government wants to establish a recycling culture and continue to set increasing targets for household recycling, with an aim of reaching 50% by 2020 in order to mitigate the previous targets. Previously, Oxford City Council provided a range of recycling services, including kerbside collection services and recycling sites where residents could deposit items for recycling and this enabled Oxford City Council to reduce the household waste by 40%.The idea now is to increase this percentage by 10% and to make it 50%. Problem Statement Before the research team depute to solve the caper starts their job, a problem statement needs to be defined and to be presented to them and the problem statement should answer three mai n questions i. e. to define the problem and the reason why the team is ask to solve this problem, the client who needs a solution to the problem and the scope as well as the limitations of the problem in terms of various answers such as time, money and other resources.Moreover, it is withal alpha for the problem statement to address all the Ws i. e. to answer what, how, where, when, why, and who. (Denzin Lincoln 2005). Referring to this case, due to the increasing need of recycling, the government of UK plans to increase recycling of the household wastes to 50% by 2020 i. e. an increase by 10% from today. This aim has been defined basically to serve the households and to meet their demand of recycling household wastes however at that place are trusted limitations that are coming in the way to meet this requirement of the government of UK.In order to solve this problem, we, a research team from a marketing research agency, Research Solutions has been charge to work out and to know the likely reactions of residents to such a scheme and the overall move that this might have on household recycling rates. For this purpose, What methods exit be utilize? Following a recent (DEFRA) Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs initiative to allow the use of financial incentives for household waste minimisation and recycling, OCC is considering the introduction of a pilot scheme in selected postcodes areas.This would involve the introduction of bins fitted with microchips to monitor how much recycling and other waste a household produces, however this will involve a certain cost as Oxford City Council will have to make refunds from local taxation bills for a good recycling performance or to pay additional charges for a poor recycling performance. (Patton 2002). We will use both primary as well as secondary data to conduct our research as well as both soft and quantifiable data.Once we have gathered the secondary data, we will then seek for primary dat a for which we will prepare a set of 200 questionnaires. The questionnaire, we have planed will consist of around 20 open and close ended questions. We will get these questionnaires fill and will also interview people in Oxford from different age groups especially the women as the issue is basically related to household recycling so the housewives would be the best option to interview. Data summaryThe process of gathering, modeling and transforming data aiming to make the important information prominent, to suggest conclusions as well as to support the decision making is called data analysis. There are various approaches and techniques that can be used for this purpose under different domains. (Spatz Kardas 2007). As Oxford City Council has been asked to increase recycling of household wastes by 10%, they now have to plan everything to achieve this finis but for this it is essential for the Oxford City Council to collect all the important information and to transform it.Therefore , to understand the likely reactions of residents to such a scheme and the overall impact that this might have on household recycling rates. A time archive The government of UK wants the goal of an increase in the recycling of household wastes to be achieved by an increase of 10% by 2020 and this gives Oxford City Council more than a decade to achieve this aim.The Oxford City Council should plan out seriously and work on the aim that is to be met but in the first place finally starting the work, it is always essential to conduct research in order to know whether the plans they have made will be successful of not and also to know the reaction of the people in the UK after the introduction of the pilot scheme in selected postcodes areas and before the plan can be executed, marketing research will be conducted whose timing is mentioned below. (Pan 2004). The time schedule will not just provide a timeframe but it will also help us meet the deadlines.As we have been assigned one month to conduct this research, we have accordingly change integrity the time to meet our goals in an efficient manner. In the first week, we plan to conduct desk research followed by qualitative fieldwork in the second week as well as to prepare a qualitative desk research report. On the first day of the third week, we aim to prepare questionnaires that will follow the quantitative stage, coding and data preparation. In the fourth week, that is also the last week, we will do the analysis, prepare a presentation and on the last day we will present a final report.Bibliography Creswell, J. W. (2008). Research material body Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 3rd edn. Sage Publications. Denzin, N. K. , Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). The Sage handbook of qualitative research. 3rd edn. Thousand Oaks, CA Sage. Pan, M. L. (2004). Preparing lit reviews Qualitative and quantitative approaches. 2nd edn. Los Angeles Pyrezak. Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation m ethods. Thousand Oaks, CA Sage. Spatz,C. Kardas,E. P. (2007). Research Methods in Psychology Ideas, Techniques, and Reports. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, Hardcover.

Management Information System to Organisations Essay Example for Free

guidance tuition formation to Organisations EssayManagement training system is essential for creating competitive firms, managing global corporations, and providing make use offul products and services to customers. (Laudon, 2002,P1) It provides teaching figure of reports and displays to managers. For example, gross sales managers may use their computer workstations to get sales results of their products and to access weekly sales analysis reports, and then evaluate sales do by each salesperson. Management entropy systems arose in the 1970s to focus on computer-based entropy systems aimed at managers. (Laudon, 2002, P15). Because of the growths of the Internet, globalisations of trade, and the rise of schooling economies, have to improve the component part of development systems in business and focus.And then it asks pays attention to organisation management culture that issues brocaded by sociology, economics, environment and psychology. An organization is a st able, formal social structure that takes resources from the environment and processes them to produce outputs. (Laudon, 2002,P87) This render will be evaluating the contribution of Management Information System to Organisations. Like as What relationship among knowledge and managers job computer nedeucerks importance for management breeding development unlike types of management information systems to use differences and how it is impact and limitation of information systems.Firstly, before organisation Management Information need to register it that have four factors meet the public-service corporation of information a manager timber, timeliness, f beness, and relevance (G arth, 2000,P613)Accuracy and reliability determine the quality of information. (G areth, 2000,P613) tell us higher quality of information need have great verity and reliability. The greater accuracy and reliabilitys information will bring correct decision for manager. For example, accounting informsti ons, information as accuracy refers to the extent to which information effectively represents a situation as it really is, the accuracy of each source of data used varied widely.((Volking, 1993, P8)The source where accuracy posed the greatest riddle was the marketing database.So I think usefulness informations need have accuracy andreliability, accuracy and reliability determine the quality of information.Information that is timely is available when it is needed for managerial action, not after the decision has been do (Gareth, 2000,P614) In todays speedily changing world and technology s developing, lead to information changing frequently. real time Information is reflecting current conditions. (Gareth, 2000,P614) For example, productions price changing frequently in marketing because manager wants to strike pay in competitions marketing. So manager should be pay attention to informations changing. Catch Real-time information is in truth importance. Look at timeliness in acc ountingTimeliness accounting information should be made available to external decision-makers before it loses its capacity to influence decisions. (Dyckman, 1992, P44) Like the news of the world, old monetary information never carries the same impact fresh information carries. Otherwise lack of timeliness reduces relevance.Information that is complete gives managers all the information they need to exercise lock, achieve coordination, or make an effective decision. (Gareth, 2000,P615) informations completive will provided bully help to manager to decision. When you set up a new business, look at complete information is importance. Such as, how is this productions sold, how long can make profit and how much capital need put in this society at first time. Also information in accounting system also need pay attenation to informations completetive.Information that is relevant is useful and suits a managers particular needs and circumstances (Gareth, 2000,P615) It can make a differen ce in a substance abusers decision. Relevance refers to the capacity of accounting information to make different to external decision-makers who use financial reports. They use accounting information with either or both of two viewpoints in mindForecasting what the economic future is likely to hold.Confirming the accuracy of past forecasts. stated more technically, relevant accounting information help users to make predictions about future events, to confirm or correct prior expectations, and to evaluate current conditions. (Dyckman, 1992, P43)In my opinion, relevant is most importance, because if the data are not relevant to the task at hand, manager will be make mistake by these treat information, and west time in wrong decisions. And then will bring some problem for this company s operation.Information decision, control and coordinationSecondly, information technologys development is importance for management information development. Because the growths of the Internet, globalis ations of trade, and the rise of information economies, it have to improve the role of information systems in business and management. Software is the detailed instructions that control the operation of a computer system. Without software, computer hardware could not perform the tasks we associate with computers. The functions of software are to (1) manage the computer resources of the organisation (2) provide tools for human beings to take advantage of these resources, and (3) act as an intermediary between organisations and stored information. Selecting suitable software for the organisation is a key management decision. (Laudon, 2002,P172)Thirdly, different types of management information systems to use differences a transaction-processing system is a system designed to handle large volumes of routine, recurring transactions. (Gareth, 2000,P625) For example, managers use transaction- processing system to record sale of items and path inventory levels, employee record keeping, an d payroll.A management information system that gathers, organize, and summarizes comprehensive data in a from that managers can use in their nonroutine coordinating, controlling, and decision-making task.(Gareth, 2000,P626) Operational Systems are concerned with transaction handling and theday-to-day operation of the organisation, usually for a particular department inside the organisation. Data are entered and stored in a file format, and are updated regularly during routine processing. Example, Producing invoices and monthly reports for operational-level managers, and fortnightly payroll cheques.The major disadvantage of this system is that they are inflexible and so not able to be adapted easily to do new tasks, or expected tasks earlier than usual. They also do not support any decision-making advice ability for tactical and strategic-level managers.Most companies today have gone beyond this system. (Long, 1994,P365-397)decisiveness support systems give direct computer support to managers during the decision-making process. For example advertising managers may use an electronic database packs up to do what, if analysis as they test the impact of other advertising budgets on the forecasted sales of new products. (OBrien, 1997,P31) A Decision Support System is an interactive information system that rely on integrated user-friendly hardware and software designed to assist mangers make decisions related to the efficient and fat running of the business.Expert systems can provide expert advice for operational chores like equipment diagnostics, or managerial decisions much(prenominal) as loan portfolio management. (OBrien, 1997,P32) Expert systems have been developed for subjects such as medical diagnosis, oil exploration, financial planning, taxation return preparation, chemical analysis, surgery, weather prediction, computer repair, nuclear power plant operation, newspaper layout, rendering government regulation, and troubleshooting computer systems configura tions (eg. MS Help). (Long, 1994,P365-397)Finally, management information systems also have some limitations and some technology impact its development. The advance in management information system and technology are having important make on managers and organisations. (Gareth, 2000,P629) One of the most important of theseinvolves the subjectivity of the scoring technique. Clearly establishing the extent to which a data dimension is inherent in any one data source is highly judgemental. Likewise, establishing weightings for each attribute is also a highly subjective process. These tasks are therefore very much subject to the erudition of the individuals who carry them out. This problem could be partly overcome by increasing the objectivity with which such estimates are made.Conclusion, Management information system is an information system that managers plan and design to provide themselves with the specific information they need. (Gareth, 2000,P615)This essay has Evaluated the c ontribution of Management Information System to Organisations. Including about Like as What factors determine the usefulness of information a manager computer networks importance for management information development different types of management information systems to use differences and how it is impact and limitation of information systems. From this essay, we can know MIS have some advantages for our used, in time this tool is not perfect, also have limitations for it. So Managing a good company , need consider it first.ReferenceGareth R.Jones, Charles W.L. Hill Jennifer M.George, 2000, Contemporary management, The McGraw-Hill Companies, America.Kenneth C. Laudon Jane P. Laudon, 2002, Management Information Systems, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458,America.Galliers.R., 1992, Information System Research issues,methods,and practical guidelines, Blackwell Scientific Publications,UK.Dyckman, T., Dukes, R., 1992, Intermediate Accounting, IRWIN, America.OBrien, J., 1997, Int roduction to information, IRWIN, America.Stair.,R, Reynolds, G., 2001, Principles of Information Systems, Course Technology, Australia.Mitchell, Volking, Yan E. Management Decision. Analysing the quality of management information A suggested framework, London,1993.Vol. 31, Iss. 8 pg. 12, 8 pgs.Larry Long, Computers and Information Systems, 4th Ed., 1994, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-497884-6, chapter. 12, pages 365 397Krumwiede, Kip. Cost Management Update. Survey reveals factors affecting, Montvale Apr 1996. p. 1 (2 pages) URL http//gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2003res_id=xripqdrft_val_fmt=orifmtkevmtxjournalgenre=articlerft_id=xripqddid=000000009475160svc_dat=xripqilfmt=textreq_dat=xripqilpq_clntid=20901Grover Dunn, Debra K Walker, Steve Hannaford. Air Force Journal of Logistics. Information technology, Gunter AFS Spring 2003. Vol. 27, Iss. 1 p. 14. URL http//gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2003res_id=xripqdrft_val_fmt=orifmtkevmtxjournalgenre=articlerft_i d=xripqddid=000000382958551svc_dat=xripqilfmt=textreq_dat=xripqilpq_clntid=20901Steven A Morris, Thomas E Marshall, R Kelly Rainer Jr. Information Resources Management Journal. Impact of user satisfaction and trust on virtual team members, Hershey Apr-Jun 2002. Vol. 15, Iss. 2 p. 22 (9 pages)