The Effects Of Previous Statements Of The Halitosis And...

Is there any better way to define and classify halitosis? HUANG,WEI-TE Introduction Although halitosis is a generally recognised social problem, there is no consensus on the definition and classification of it(1).This embarrassment leads to psychologic stress with repulsive impression and hinders a pleasant communication ,which are the situations that most people struggle to avoid. The genesis of malodour may stem from oral cavity itself or from extraoral sources(2), and the managements varies with the causative factors.If the problem is bad oral hygiene, the treatment will be oral hygiene instruction or periodontal treatment. When system disease is the cause, the dentist may refer to physician for further control. Moreover, some organic function insufficiencies may be noticed, if they are the origins. Since there are different sources of halitosis that lead to different managements (3), finding a way to define and classify the ailment properly and clearly to provide a suitable guideline for the diagnosis is a necessity. In this article, we discuss several defects of previous statements of the halitosis and the new definition with classification which was published by M. Aydin and C. N. Harvey lately in July 2014 to analyze whether they put forward a better method. Etiology Amongst most patients with persistent

Infant Mortality An Important Factor For Determining The...

Infant mortality is considered to be an important factor in determining the health of a nation. To better understand the severity of infant mortality rates this brief addresses the trend of infant mortality throughout history and then compares the differences in infant mortality rates (IMR) between black and white infants. The incidence of infant mortality before the 20th century was staggering, approximately a 30 percent of infants died before the age of one (CDC, 1999). At that time, survival was dependent on the environmental and social factors such as weather, war, and disease. During what was called the pre-modernized period, the occurrence of death was considered inevitable. As a result, parents refrained from naming their children until after their first birthday. The early start of the industrial revolution introduced manufacturing processes and urbanization, which significantly influenced standards of living. With new developments came crowded factories, nutritional scarcity, and lack of precautions to prevent spread of infections. Life improved considerably during the Progressive era, in which individuals who called themselves ‘progressives’ had the goal of making the United States a safer place to live (Loc, 2015). They brought ideas that impacted legislation and government to i mprove socials problems such as, sanitation, poverty, and housing. This brought a rise in standards of living, which played a role in lowering infant mortality rates. By the early 1900’sShow MoreRelatedThe Social Determinants Of Infant Mortality And Birth Outcomes725 Words   |  3 Pagesaffect wide range of health and quality of life. 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Course Project free essay sample

They are Public Website, Manufacturing Support System (MSS), Human Resources System (HRS), and Sales and Marketing System (SMS). Public Website provides information about each of the products, locations where someone can purchase them, and information about how to get warranty support. Details of warranty support and defect rates are not tracked, but the staff has anecdotal stories. The Manufacturing Support System (MSS) maintains the supply chain information necessary for manufacturing the companys products, such as raw materials, vendors, and prices. The Human Resources System (HRS) maintains and tracks personnel and benefits information. And the Sales and Marketing System (SMS) track the sales and marketing efforts of the company’s sales force. Orders from this system are printed and sent daily to the MSS to be filled. As a senior member of the IT Management Team for SAI Toys, I agree with the Board of Directors and the CEO decision to stay on the forefront of geekness, and therefore the company should integrate all of  its IT systems. In addition, they want to develop a more robust Web presence and sell their products directly to individual customers in addition to selling through traditional retailers, as they currently are doing. My recommendation is that we need to hire more staff if SAI Toys want to stay on the forefront. The company needs to hire professional computer specialist. The integration of new the software into a newly expanded IT system which utilizes in some cases first generation coding on legacy hardware can create operational problems which in-house IT staff may be nable to solve. SAI Toys is not in the computer business. While computers are essential to the design, manufacture and marketing of their products, SAI Toys would be well served by having their IT systems vertically integrated and maintained in a cloud computing environment, eliminating most of their IT department employees in the process (Butcher, 2011). In this report, I will show how the company should go about implementing this ex ecutive directive. The report should include the following sections. The report will also outline the situation, weighs various alternatives, and I will presents a final recommendation for the company. The report will also include the current IT system, overview of the recommended system, the difference between In House and Outsourcing development, the stakeholders’ buy-in, the ERP project failed with lessons learned, and the company’s ROL amp; TCO. Current IT Situation To evaluate SAI Toys, using the basic analysis techniques will help us to have an overview of the company and its environment. SWOT is a tool that identifies the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of an organization. SAI Toys SWOT Analysis is to take the information from an environmental analysis and separate it into internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external issues (opportunities and threats). The Strengths of SAI Toys are: Experienced and successful marketing team, High brand recognition for their unique products, Substantial 25 member IT team, and Quality control ensuring positive consumer feedback. The Weaknesses of SAI Toys are: Highly competitive marketplace, Extensive and continuing Ramp;D investment, Cost containment, and Personnel costs for IT staff (Butcher, 2011). The Opportunities of SAI Toys are: Direct marketing and sales to consumers through company operated websites, Emerging international markets immediately accessible through the internet, and Substantial IT cost reduction through use of cloud computing. The Threats of SAI Toys are: Loss of market share, Major competitors integrating vertically and selling direct, and Changing technology requiring escalating engineering costs (Butcher, 2011). The Competitive Strategy Analysis is the second basis analysis technique to help us to have an overview of the company and its environment. SAI cannot afford the possibility of IT system failure given the highly competitive market in which they operate. New product design, manufacture, and marketing require that their IT system be fully functional 24/7 with no downtime. To sustain growth and revenue and stay ahead of potential competition SAI Toys will need to invest heavily in Research and Development (Ramp;D) on an ongoing basis (Butcher, 2011). This will include further investment in hiring skilled engineering personnel. Because SAI Toys creates unique products which may exclusively dominate a small segment of the market from which all of its revenue is derived, the introduction into the market of a competitor’s similar product with enhanced features and lower retail pricing may severely impact SAI Toys ability to generate sales and revenue (Butcher, 2011). Swimlanes Diagram: AS-IS Diagram Overview of Recommended System The various systems currently in place will be replaced or integrated into the new system. Assuming that SAI Toys has elected to develop an integrated IT system in-house utilizing its current IT structure but expanding operability to allow all four (4) distinct IT systems to communicate with each other, an Organizational Process Performance system evaluation is necessary which will derive quantitative objectives for quality and process performance from the organization’s business objectives (Butcher, 2011). The new system will be the ERP Implementation. There is a Process of ERP Implementation. While ERP is clearly a software solution for SAI, its implementation must be done on an incremental basis to limit interruptions to the existing business structure at SAI. Like all IT changes, problems can and will develop. To minimize the impact on SAI’s ongoing business operation the implementation of ERP should occur during the lapses between product launches or product design and development stages and implementation should be accomplished on a step-by-step basis, one application at a time. Limiting IT installations and disruptions to non-critical time periods will permit the least stressful adoption of the IT structure and allow SAI to maintain its revenue stream without incurring a loss (Butcher, 2011). There are numerous vendors who offer ERP software which would be easily configurable for SAI’s specific requirements. Microsoft, Oracle, Sage, Exact, SAP, and Intuitive each offer ERP software solutions which can manage companies like SAI with up to 1,000 users. Each of these can incorporate e-commerce platforms into the production and supply chain and provide SAI Toys management with instantaneous information reports including warranty claims, product claims, and defective product losses to together with consumer feedback in real-time (Butcher, 2011). Some new features in this system will include: 1) Improved customer satisfaction 2) Increased profitability 3) Reduced costs ) Improved quality and processing times 5) Improved business culture by bridging the gap between the production line and management 6) Improved business performance by focusing team members on eliminating waste across key business processes and workflows (Butcher, 2011). There are many companies out there that have successfully made the transition from a brick and mortar business to an E-Commerce. The E-Commerce can help the company grow and expand. An e-commerce platform can be used for advertising, production, supplier enquiries, negotiations, contracts, orders, billing, payments, and after sales service and other business activities in the process of interactive program management that can simplify the transaction process (Butcher, 2011). SOA would be of benefit to this project. A Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) design principle can be utilized during the phases of systems development and integration. A system based on SOA will package functionality as suite of interoperable services that can be used within multiple separate systems from the four separate systems. SOA also generally provides a way for consumers of services such as web-based applications to be aware of available SOA based services. For example, several disparate departments within a company may develop and deploy SOA services in different implementation languages and their respective clients will benefit from a well understood, well defined interface to access them. SOA defines integration for widely disparate applications for a web-based environment and uses multiple implementation platforms (Butcher, 2011). Rather than defining an API, SOA defines the interface in terms of protocols and functionality. An endpoint is the entry point for such a SOA implementation. Service-orientation requires loose coupling of services with operating systems and other technologies that underlies applications. SOA separates functions into distinct units, or services, which developers make accessible over a network in order to allow users to combine and reuse them in the production of applications. These services and their corresponding consumers communicate with each other by passing data in a well-defined, shared format, or by corresponding an activity between two or more services. SOA is therefore a continuum as opposed to distributed computing or modular programming (Butcher, 2011). Swimlanes diagrams- TO-BE diagram In-House versus Outsourcing Development The benefits and costs of developing this system in-house versus outsourcing the development or purchasing off-the-shelf are very important to consider. Off-the-shelf ERP packages are tested and proven performers which are an essential requirement for a company like SAI Toys which cannot afford the inevitable downtime associated with fragmented software design and installation. On a cost benefit analysis basis the investment in purchasing an off-the-shelf ERP software package is substantially less than the cost of downtime and system inoperability where an in-house software design fails (Butcher, 2011). The ability of the software vendor to de-bug an off-the-shelf system can be measured in minutes or hours versus the possibility and probability of several days of downtime with in-house developed software. The purchase price of an ERP software package can be amortized over a useful lifespan of five years or more and when compared to the prospective recurring downtime of in-house developed software the advantages of an ERP off-the-shelf solution cannot be ignored (Butcher, 2011). To avoid as many pitfalls as possible in the overhaul of SAI’s IT system it is recommended that SAI avoid in-house software development of this magnitude. While some of SAI’s IT staff may be proficient in software development there are the issues of minimum and exacting standards employed in the industry which may not be a consideration for in-house development. CCMI and ISO certifications should also impact the decision here. CMMI and ISO certification are an inherent part of these off-the-shelf software solutions which eliminates the uncertain standards that may be employed in in-house software development (Butcher, 2011). We should develop the system by Some best practices for managing the project type to having a better chance of success are Stakeholder Buy-in and Internal Politics The stakeholders of this system are essential. Once stakeholders are on board with the system development, they are likely to remain involved, supporting the program over its lifetime. We can get them to buy-in and support the system development by keeping them informed throughout the process of the system, including during the evaluation planning, implementation, and reporting phases (Innovation Network, 2002-2012). Stakeholders are valuable assets in evaluation planning, offering: * Assistance in decision-making about continued and prospective funding; * Perspective that helps the program learn, grow, and improve, and * Experience that informs program replication at other sites or organizations. The Stakeholders fall into three levels of program participation or involvement. There are: * Primary stakeholders  are typically major decision makers within a program, and are often the motivators behind an evaluation effort. They are often program staff, supervisors, senior managers, and funders. * Secondary stakeholders  have less contact with the administrative side of the program, but are still important to the evaluation effort. They include program participants and their families; direct service staff; and possibly other professionals providing subsequent services to program participants. Tertiary stakeholders  are more distant but are likely to be interested in evaluation findings for example, potential program participants, the general public, or members of the same profession (Innovation Network, 2002-2012). There are other issues that may arise as a result of the internal politics in our company that could have a negative impact on the project. The best thing to do is to reduce the risk of project failure due to internal issues. Many systems development problems are in practice caused by a failure to perceive that specific stakeholders’ viewpoints were relevant. That failure causes whole groups of requirements, typically those related to scenarios involving the missing stakeholders to be missed. A similar result is obtained when one stakeholder assumes one scope for a product while another stakeholder assumes another. This occurs when a developer assumes that it will be sufficient to design, code, and test software but the purchaser hopes to have everything set-up and operators trained (Butcher, 2011). Stakeholder composition is a good predictor of project risk and therefore it should be cost-effective to characterize projects at their initiation according to their stakeholder impact. SAI can minimize internal politics by fully evaluating each stakeholder and assuring them that their input is critical to the overall success of the project. Each stakeholder then becomes part of the project team and has a vested interest in ensuring the ultimate success of the project. Team meetings bring all of the stakeholders together to discuss differences and eliminate issues which would delay or derail the project. Each team member realizes that their participation is equally important within their area of specialization or expertise fully under their direct control and unchallenged by direct confrontation. In this manner, each team member must demonstrate how their participation and overall cooperation contributes to the overall success of the project (Butcher, 2011). ERP Project Failures and Lessons Learned Studying ERP project failures is an essential part of project success. By identifying the same or similar issues that lead to failure in one company, SAI can take steps to avoid or eliminate those problems as they arise. Case studies also provide a precursor to the foreseeable problems that occur in ERP implementation allowing SAI management an opportunity to prepare for these problems by formulating a contingency plan. ERP project failures are common but this not unique to ERP. Every system has glitches regardless of the quality of design or the expertise of design personnel (Butcher, 2011). In the Case Study for Implementation Failure at Hershey’s Chocolate it was established that Hershey’s failed to use an incremental method of implementation, instead installing full software during periods of peak business. The resulting disaster from inoperability due to bugs and glitches resulted in a loss of peak season revenue for Hershey’s. Both corporate management and IT staff developed an immediate dislike for the ERP implementation. This could easily have been avoided had Hershey’s implemented the new software on a step-by-step basis during the off season when sales and revenue would have been less dramatically affected (Butcher, 2011). Hershey’s also tried to implement a variety of enterprise applications simultaneously which added to the stress of a seemingly failed project. In fact, there was nothing wrong with the ERP software but its implementation was a complete failure as the company tried to modify their business processes to suit the enterprise application which created further problems. The lesson learned is that implementation should be conducted one step at a time, each successful Installation reinforcing management’s initial decision to purchase. The ERP problems at Hershey’s are commonly repeated where management fails to realize the complexity of implementation and the necessity to proceed cautiously and maintain focus (Butcher, 2011). Return on Investment and Total Cost of Ownership Some metrics that we can use to determine if the system was a success is a disciplined methodology has been developed called  total cost of ownership  (TCO). It is designed to properly analyze the full cost of an IT investment. In order to calculate TCO properly, all related costs must be identified and captured. TCO models organize costs into two broad categories: 1. Direct costs:  Costs in this category are usually for activities and investments that are related to IT or support. They can usually be calculated by examining the actual or projected costs of hardware, software, people, and facilities. 2. Indirect costs:  These costs are not always visible and can be very difficult to measure and quantify. This type of cost crosses the entire organizations business operations. Some examples of these indirect costs are Administration, Downtime, and End-user operations (Devry, unknown). In order to measure the metrics and figure out when baselines should be determined, we should developed methodologies for determining TCO. The first methodology is the Project initiation. This can be one of the most critical phases of a project. The reason why is because the following are determined: the expectations of the client, the type of relationship the organization will ave with the client (This can influence the management costs. ), and the projects scope. Ideally, the objectives of the project should be defined at this stage, and the categories for TCO can be aligned with these project objectives. To determine the impact of any deviations from initial projections, an up-to-date TCO should be maintained at all times (Devry, unknown). The second methodology is the Cost Modeling. Through the entire TCO process a major activity is the TCO cost analysis. This continues to be refined as new information becomes available during the project. This activity includes classifying the costs according to the financial policies of an organization as well as defining the financial model for the project. The third methodology is the Cost Collection. Once the financial and cost model has been determined, all available cost estimates are collected. Once these are entered into the financial model, a baseline is determined. The total cost of ownership that is presented in this deliverable should be considered a snapshot in time. It is important that all stakeholders understand this and that the TCO may or may not change substantially from this point forward (Devry, unknown). The fourth methodology is Evaluation/Final Report. This is the development of a TCO project deliverable that goes to the organizations stakeholders and decision makers. It typically includes the final project evaluation and a correlation of all finding recommendations and results. The last methodology is Ongoing Refinement of the TCO Model. It is very rare for all costs and contract negotiations in a large project to be finalized at the same time. Additionally, an implementation plan usually cannot be determined at the same time as, or even immediately after, delivery of the final report. As a result, the TCO is an estimate of project costs based on the data and decisions available when the report was researched and written. As key decisions regarding rollout and implementation strategy are reached, the TCO model should be refined to include the most current project cost estimates (Devry, unknown). Another metrics that we can use to determine if the system was a success is Return on Investment (ROI). The ROI (return on investment) is how much profit or cost savings is gained. An ROI calculation is sometimes used along with other business practices to develop a business case for an IT proposal. The overall ROI for an enterprise is sometimes used to determine how well a company is managed. The work performed to determine the TCO can be used to calculate the ROI. Even though many TCO costs are long term, they can be applied solely to the initial investment or divided between the initial investment and serve as an adjustment to the final value. While both methods are valid, they can give different results; it is important that the organization establish a policy for ROI computations across all projects (Devry, unknown). One of the more difficult aspects of an ROI calculation is determining the soft, or people benefits. Three considerations that impact these soft benefits follow: * Speed of adoption:  This benefit considers how quickly employees come up to speed using the new process, system, technology, or tools provided by the implementation. It indicates how quickly employees demonstrate the new skills or behaviors and adapt to the new roles that are required by a change. * Ultimate utilization or participation rate:  This evaluates the percentage of employees that are engaged and practicing the new way of doing things. Surprisingly, in many implementations, employees can avoid actively participating in workflows and procedures, and this can undermine the project in subtle ways. * Proficiency:  As the change is implemented, this examines how proficient and effective the employees have become. Many times, this proficiency, or ability to better perform their job function, is a significant part of the changes original motivation. It measures not just the status after the change, but the ongoing improvement to the organization with the new systems, tools, and processes in place and the organizational and job changes fully implemented. Some examples include the time saved in performing a particular operation while using the new system, the improved close rate for sales and contracts brought by the use of a competitive information database, and the amount of waste reduced by new streamlined activities or processes (Devry, unknown). Conclusion In conclusion, my recommendation to SAI Toys is that they need to hire more staff if they want to implement this executive directive. If they can’t afford it or can cope with integrating all of their IT systems, then I would suggest they stick to manufacturing the toys in-house and shipped to brick-and-mortar retailers, such as Best Buy and Target, as well as e-Commerce only sites, such as ThinkGeek. com and Buy. com.

Social Informatics and Technology Implementation A holistic approach Essay Example

Social Informatics and Technology Implementation: A holistic approach Paper Implementing new technologies can be an expensive undertaking for businesses. Many businesses have tried to capitalize on the latest technologies only to realize little or no benefit to the company. When returns on technological investment do not materialize, a â€Å"productivity gap† exists.By analyzing implementation failures from a social perspective, Kling and other researchers have taken a holistic approach to IT implementation. The questions they ask come from common sense and experience. Hard research exists, but it is only now being consolidated into a cohesive field of study.Technological Determinism vs. Social InformaticsThe theory of technological determinism implies that technology is autonomous and it, by itself, can create social change. Whereas social theorists see technology as a force that can change society, technological determinists see it as the core of society itself. Technological determinists may, as a result, conclude that technology is a threat rather than a benefit. With this perspective, implementing technology effectively is a difficult propositionOther theorists see technology as a tool for good change, but only if used correctly. Social informatics theorists focus, in a humanistic way, on the factors that make technology effective or ineffective. Most of what has been learned is through examination of failed uses of technology. Kling (1999) illuminates the need for a social informatics approach:This (social informatics) contrasts with highly spirited but largelya-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   priori promotions of technologies that occasionally work wellfor people, occasionally are valuable, are sometimes abandoned,are sometimes unusable, and thus incur predictable waste andinspire misplaced hopes.  Ã‚   (13)Both social informatics and technological determinism recognize that technology has profound social effects. Social informatics, in contrast, also states that some societal factors will change very slowly or not at all. This is something that designers must take into account.Social Informatics- Theory and StructureSystematic research about social informatics is still in its infancy. The research that has been done is not readily accessible to the layperson, except in watered-down form. Rob Kling and a number of other researchers have arrived at an agreed upon definition. From Learning from Social Informatics (2000).Social Informatics refers to the interdisciplinary study if the designuses and consequences of   ICT’s that takes into account theirinteraction with institutional and cultural contexts (2)The need for social informatics has been questioned by some theoreticians and, more importantly, the people directly responsible for implementation. Proponents of a social informatics approach cite convincing evidence that technology has not lived up to its hype, in terms of the overall productivity of businesses.Kraemer and Dedrick (2001), describe the emergence of the productivity paradox:The whole issue arose over a decade ago, when Nobel Prize winningEconomist, Robert Solow, famously remarked. â€Å"You can see thecomputer age everywhere but in the productivity statistics.† (2)Why has technology failed to produce its expected effect?   That is what Social Informatics theoreticians are trying to determine. It seems obvious that technology alone does not create an instant benefit (Kling, 1999). Social informatics begins from a common sense, observational outlook. It does not begin from theory, but rather creates it in response to specific problems. Sawyer and Rosenbaum (2000) describe the nature of social informatics:Social informatics is further characterized by the problems beingexamined rather than by the theories or methods. In this way, SIis similar to other fields that are defined by a problem area- suchas human computer interaction, software engineering, urbanstudies and gerontology.  Ã‚   (90)An example of this type of thought is described by Kling in refere nce to air traffic control systems. â€Å"Paper plays important roles in some places where we don’t think it is in use.† (1999, p. 7) In the past, management may not have realized that paper is not necessarily replaced effectively by technology. An expensive, paperless system might have been installed and paper still used anyway.The conclusion reached by Kling and others is that people within an organization will use the same technology in different ways, and that use changes over time. Social context is important. There are many influences, other than personal preference that cause this. Studying them before and after implementation only makes sense and saves money in the long run. This conclusion has major implications for professionals in the IT field.IT Management and Social InformaticsSince Social Informatics is problem driven, IT professionals should be particularly interested. The potential benefits of such an approach justify the effort undertaken. IT’s have value, good or bad, they have disparate effects and even moral implications. The good news is that IT’s are adaptable for the professional that is truly tuned in to the needs of the end-user.Social Informatics theory is a tool that can help IT professionals, software developers and end-users do their jobs more efficiently and effectively. It implies a comprehensive approach that merges sociology with technology. Social informatics does not discount the importance of technical skill. Instead, it helps those involved in technology use their skills in a more comprehensive and ultimately beneficial way.Creating technology that makes life simpler instead of more complicated is a subtle art. Implementation, from a social informatics approach, will require flexible thinkers. As more research is completed social informatics will become less a term of art and more of a scientifically-based theory. Theoreticians are currently working to consolidate the disparate sources of informa tion into a cohesive discipline.Designers and other IT professionals will need to maintain close contact with end users. From that contact the designer can create realistic scenarios of how the technology will be used. Effective implementation requires a â€Å"discovery process† (Kling, 1999). That includes user input in the design process.The social informatics approach stresses that implementation is not a one time event. IT managers and implementers must continually be prepared to make changes. The way people use technology is not static. It changes over time. Technological determinism and other theories imply that people will conform to technology. Social informatics posits that the technology must change to fit the people using it.Implementing and managing IT is an extremely complex process. Some IT people may feel that including social informatics will only make a hard job harder. It is just the opposite. Implementing from social informatics can create a more efficient and problem-free system. Lessons learned from employing social informatics can then be applied to future technological issues, potentially making transitions smoother.

Declaration of Independence Essay Example

Declaration of Independence Essay VAT-R1 See rule 16(1) table) and 41(6(I)] Original/Duplicate copy of return for the quarter ended on: 1. Dealer’s identity Name and style of business Address TIN 0 6 M/S D D M M Y Y Contact No. Economic Activity Code 2. Gross turnover, taxable turnover of sales and computation of tax (See sections 2(1)(u), 3, 6 and 7 of the Act) (b) Value of goods (c) Lists (a) Description 2A. Sale price received/receivable in respect of goods sold plus value of goods exported out of 2B.State or disposed of otherwise than by sale or sent for sale to local agents (VAT dealers) Deductions appended to the return (1) Sale outside the State (of goods purchased outside the State) (2) Sale in the course of inter-State trade (3) Sale in the course of import into India (4) Sale in the course of export out of India (5) Sale of exempted goods in the State (6) LS-1 LS-2 LS-3 LS-4 LS-5 LS-6 LS-7 LS-8 LS-9 (c) Net taxable turnover [(a)  ± (b)] (d) Rate of tax (e) Tax amount [(c) X (d)] Sale of goods to UN ICEF, and WHO. 7) Value of goods sent for sale to local agents (VAT dealers) (8) Value of goods exported out of State (Consignment transfers) (9) Value of goods disposed of otherwise than by sale (10) Total of (1) to (9) 2C. Taxable turnover of sales 2A(b) – 2B(10)(b) 2D. (a) Break-up of 2C according to rate of tax (b) Effect of return of goods (de-)/escalation [LS-10] (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Total tax amount 3. Purchase, import and receipt of goods and computation of tax paid on purchases made in the State (c) Amount (d) Stock as on 31st Mar. ast (b) Lists appended To be given with return for 31/3 to return LP-1 LP-2 LP-3 LP-4 LP-5 LP-6 LP-7 3A. (a) Description Aggregate of price/value of goods, – (1) Purchased outside the State (for sale outside) (2) Purchased in the course of export out of India (3) Purchased in the course of inter-State trade (4) Purchased in the course of import into India (5) Imported into State (6) Received for sale from dealers regd. under VAT (7) (8) 3B. (i) Purchases from VAT dealers on tax invoice (ii) Other purchases in the State Total of rows (1) to (7) (a) Break-up of 3A(7)(I) according to rate of tax b) Effect of return of goods (de-)/escalation [LP-8] (c) Net purchases [(a)  ± (b)] (d) Rate of tax (e) Tax paid [(c) X (d)] (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Total tax paid 5. Computation of input tax (See section 8 of the Act) (1) Tax paid on purchases made in the State3B(5)(e) (2) Less tax paid, not part of input tax 10G(3)(g) Page 3 (3) Input tax (1) – (2) 4. Aggregate of tax levied on sale or purchase (1) Sale tax 2D(5) (2) Purchase tax 11(4)(d) Page 3 (3) Total tax (1) + (2) 6.Tax payable, refundable or adjustable (See section 20 of the Act) (1) Tax payable 4(3) –5(3) Note:– If 6(1) is a negative value, the absolute value thereof will first be adjusted against tax payable under the CST Act, if any and the balance carried forward for (2) Tax adjusted under adjustment with future tax liability but refund may be claimed in case of: CST Act (i) export of goods out of India, (ii) difference in rate of tax or (iii) inadvertent (3) Refund claimed excess payment of tax, by making an application. (4) Excess carried forward Date: [Signature of authorised person] 7.Details of tax deposited Serial Name of treasury where tax No. deposited or Bank on which DD / Pay order drawn or Office from where RAO issued etc. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Excess paid brought forward from last return Total of rows (1) to (7) Treasury receipt (TR) / DD / PO / RAO Type of No. Date Amount Instrument For office use DCR No. Date 8. Account of forms printed under the Government authority/ required to be authenticated by the assessing authority Blank forms received Number of forms Aggregate of amount of Type Opening stock at the Serial or authenticated used during the transactions for which of beginning of the No. uring the return return period forms used Form return period period (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) ST -38 (Out) VAT C E-I E-II F H 9. Statutory declarations and certificates received from other dealers furnished with the return Serial No. Type of form No. of forms furnished Aggregate of amount of transactions for which forms furnished Serial No. Type of form No. of forms furnished Aggregate of amount of transactions for which forms furnished (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) VAT-38(out) VAT- (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)C D E-I E-II F H VATVATVATVAT- Declaration I, _________________________________ (name in CAPITALS), hereby, solemnly affirm that I am authorised to furnish this return and all its contents including tables 10 and 11, lists, statements, declarations, certificates and other documents appended to it or filed with it are true, correct and complete and nothing has been concealed therein. Place: Date: [Signature] (For use in the office of the assessing authority) (1) Date of data entry in VATregister/Computer:Status: Tick (a) applicable [Karta, proprietor, partner, director, president, secretary, manager, authorised officer] (2) Signature of the official making the data entry: (Affix stamp of name designation) (3) Signature of the assessing authority with date: (Affix stamp of name designation) Acknowledgement The undersigned acknowledges having received the original of this return on the date mentioned below: (1) Date of receipt of return: (2) [Signature with stamp of name and designation of receipt clerk] Note:– 1. Reference to sections or schedules in the Act in the return is ndicative and not comprehensive. 2. A dealer who has not dealt goods in the circumstances specified in Schedule E to the Act or section 3(3) of the Act during the return period, does not have to fill in the next page of the return. 10. Computation of tax paid in respect of goods purchased in the State from VAT dealers on tax invoice which is not to form part of input tax (See section 8(1) and Schedule E to the Act) Circumstances in which tax paid in respect of purchase of certain goods not to form part of input tax Purchase value a) A. B. (b) Petroleum based fuels and natural gas purchased from VAT dealers on tax invoice and not resold Capital goods purchased from VAT dealers on tax invoice, (1) For use mainly – (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (2) In the manufacture of exempted goods; In mining; In the telecommunications network; In the generation and distribution of electric energy or other form of power;Which forms part of gross block on the day cancellation of registration certificate takes effect C. Paddy purchased from VAT dealers on tax invoice when such paddy or rice manufactured therefrom is sold in the course of export out of India. D. Rice purchased from VAT dealers on tax invoice when sold in the course of export out of India E. All goods, except mentioned at A and B above, purchased from VAT dealers on tax invoice when,- (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)Used in the telecommunications network, in mining or in the generation and distribution of electricity or other form of power Exported out of State; Disposed of otherwise than by sale; Used in manufacture or packing of exempted goods (except when such goods are sold in the course of export out of India); Used in manufacture or packing of taxable goods, which goods are, ? (i) exported out of State; or (ii) disposed of otherwise than by sale; (6) F. G.Left in stock, whether in the form purchased or in manufactured or processed form, on the day cancellation of the registration certificate takes effect. (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)=Total (b) to (f) Total of A to E Calculation of input tax at different rates (1) (2) (3) Break-up of F(b) according to tax rates Rate of tax Input tax to be reversed (1) x (2) Note:- Where any goods purchased in the State are used or disposed of partly in the circumstances mentioned in column (a) against entries A to E above and partly otherwise, the purchase value of such goods shall be computed pro rata. 11.Purchase tax (See section 3(3) of the Act) Circumstances in which purchase tax levied (a) Taxable goods purchased in the State without payment of tax when such goods or the goods manufactured therefrom are either exported out of State or used or disposed of (except when sold in the course of export out of India) in a manner that no tax or CST is payable to the State Goods purchased in the State at lower rate of tax for specified purposes but not made use of for the said purposes Tax computed under proviso to section 7(5) Paddy purchased in the State without payment of tax when such paddy or the rice manufactured therefrom is exported out of India Total [(1)(i) + (1)(ii) + (2)(i) + (2)(ii) + (3)] Purchase value of goods taxable at different rates (b) (i) (ii) (i) (ii) Rate of tax Purchase tax (1) (c) (d) (2) (3) (4)Note: Where any goods purchased in the State are used or disposed of partly in the circumstances mentioned in column (a) against entries at serial number (1) and (2) above and partly otherwise, the purchase tax leviable on such goods sh all be computed pro rata. Date: [Signature of authorised person] Form LP-1 (See VAT-R1) List of purchase of goods purchased outside the State (and sold outside the State) for the quarter ended D D M M Y Y Name and TIN of the registered dealer furnishing the list Name and style of business TIN 0 6 M/S Economic Activity Code Sr. No. Name and address of dealer/ person from whom goods purchased. 1 TIN Sale Invoice No. Date Description of goods Purchase Value State in which goods purchased No. of declaration in form C issued, if any 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total Note : Total must tally with figures in 3A (1) (c) of the return.DECLARATION I, ____________________ (name in CAPITALS), hereby declare that the contents of the above list and table are true and correct and nothing has been concealed therein. Place Date : : Full signature of the authorised signatory Name Status Note :- 1. An authorised person alone shall sign each page of this list. A list signed by any person not authorised or an unsi gned list shall be treated as no list. Where a list runs into more than one page, each page will show both page totals and progressive totals 2. Form LP-2 (See VAT-R1) List of purchase of goods in the course of export of goods out of the territory of India for the quarter ended D D M M Y YName and TIN of the registered dealer furnishing the list Name and style of business TIN 0 6 M/S Economic Activity Code Sr. No. Name and address of dealer from whom goods purchased. TIN Sale Invoice /Delivery Note No. Date Description of goods Quantity/ Weight Value of goods Details related to Foreign Buyer No. date of Agreement/ order of foreign buyer for whom goods purchased Name and address of foreign buyer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total Note : Total must tally with figures in 3A (2) (c) of the return. DECLARATION I, ____________________ (name in CAPITALS), hereby declare that the contents of the above list and table are true and correct and nothing has been concealed therein. Place Date : :Full s ignature of the authorised signatory Name Status Note :- 1. An authorised person alone shall sign each page of this list. A list signed by any person not authorised or an unsigned list shall be treated as no list. Where a list runs into more than one page, each page will show both page totals and progressive totals 2. Form LP-3 (See VAT-R1/ R6/ R7/ R8/ R9/ R11) List of purchase of goods in the course of interstate trade or commerce for the quarter ended D D M M Y Y Name and TIN of the registered dealer furnishing the list Name and style of business TIN 0 6 M/S Economic Activity Code A – List of purchases of goods sold by transfer of documents during their movement. Sr. No.Name and address of the dealer/ person from whom goods purchased. TIN Sale Invoice/ Delivery Note No. Date Description of goods Quantity /weight Value of goods Sr. No. of declaration in form E-I or E-II received, as the case may be Sr. No. of declaration in Form c issued, if any 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total A B- List of purchases of goods- other than covered by table-A. Sr. No. Name and address of the dealer/ person from whom goods purchased. TIN Sale Invoice/ Delivery Note No. Date Description of goods Quantity /weight Value of goods No. of declaration in Form c issued, if any 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total B Note : Gross Total of Total A and Total B must tally with figure in 3A (3)(c) of the return.DECLARATION I, ____________________ (name in CAPITALS), hereby declare that the contents of the above list and table are true and correct and nothing has been concealed therein. Place Date : : Full signature of the authorised signatory Name Status Note :- 1. An authorised person alone shall sign each page of this list. A list signed by any person not authorised or an unsigned list shall be treated as no list. Where a list runs into more than one page, each page will show both page totals and progressive totals 2. Form LP-4 (See VAT-R1) List of purchase of goods in the course of import of the goods i nto the territory of India for the quarter ended D D M M Y YName and TIN of the registered dealer furnishing the list Name and style of business TIN 0 6 M/S Economic Activity Code Sr. No. Name and address of the dealer from whom goods purchased TIN, if any Sale Invoice/ Delivery Note No. Date Description of goods Quantity /Weight Value of goods Vessels or Airlines name, date of shipping/ Airfreight carrier No. by which goods were transported from outside the territory of India . Name of the Railway, Airport, shipping, road transport company by which goods were transported in India.. No. and date of receipt issued by Railway, Air-port, shipping, road transport 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total Note : Total must tally with figures in 3A (4) (c) of the return.DECLARATION I, ____________________ (name in CAPITALS), hereby declare that the contents of the above list and table are true and correct and nothing has been concealed therein. Place Date : : Full signature of the authorised signato ry Name Status Note :- 1. An authorised person alone shall sign each page of this list. A list signed by any person not authorised or an unsigned list shall be treated as no list. Where a list runs into more than one page, each page will show both page totals and progressive totals 2. Form LP-5 (See VAT-R1/ R6) D List of goods imported into the State for the quarter ended D M M Y Y Name and TIN of the registered dealer furnishing the list Name and style of business TIN 0 6 M/S Economic Activity Code Sr. No. Name and address of the consignor TINDelivery Note No. Date Description of goods Break-up of Value of goods leviable to tax at different rates in the State of Haryana Quantity @ @ 8 @ 9 @ 10 No. of declaration in Form F issued. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11 Total Gross total of Col. 7 to 10 Note : Gross total of columns 7 to 10 must tally with figure in 3A (5)(c) of the return. DECLARATION I, ____________________ (name in CAPITALS), hereby declare that the contents of the above list and tabl e are true and correct and nothing has been concealed therein. Place Date : : Full signature of the authorised signatory Name Status Note :- 1. An authorised person alone shall sign each page of this list.A list signed by any person not authorised or an unsigned list shall be treated as no list. Where a list runs into more than one page, each page will show both page totals and progressive totals 2. Form LP-6 (See VAT-R1) List of goods received for sale from other VAT dealers in the State for the quarter ended D D M M Y Y Name and TIN of the VAT dealer furnishing the list Name and style of business TIN 0 6 M/S Economic Activity Code Sr. No . Name and address of VAT dealer from whom goods received TIN Name of Commodity Quantity Value Details of goods sold during the period Quantity Sale Value 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total Note : Total must tally with figures in 3A (6) (c) of the return.DECLARATION I, ____________________ (name in CAPITALS), hereby declare that the contents of the above lis t and table are true and correct and nothing has been concealed therein. Place Date : : Full signature of the authorised signatory Name Status Note :- 1. An authorised person alone shall sign each page of this list. A list signed by any person not authorised or an unsigned list shall be treated as no list. Where a list runs into more than one page, each page will show both page totals and progressive totals There will be a single entry in respect of each commodity (i) received during the period (ii) sold during the period (iii) lying in stock at the end of the period 2. 3. Form LP-7 (See VAT-R1/ R6/ R11) DList of purchase of goods in the State for the quarter ended Name and TIN of the VAT dealer furnishing the list Name and style of business M/S TIN 0 6 D M M Y Y Economic Activity Code A. List showing purchase of goods from VAT dealers on tax invoice at full rate of tax Sr. (a)Name with TIN of VAT dealer from whom goods purchased (b)Turnover charged to tax at different rates No. Nam e TIN (i)@ % (ii)@ % (iii)@ 1. 2. 3. †¦ Total: Gross total (i) + (ii) + (iii) % B. List of purchase of goods from VAT dealers on tax invoice at lower rate of tax applicable under section 7(2) Sr. (a)Name with TIN of VAT dealer from whom goods purchased (b)Turnover charged to tax at different rates No. Name TIN (i) @ 0% (ii) @ % (iii) @ % 1. 2. 3. †¦ Total: Gross total (i) + (ii) + (iii) C.List showing purchase of goods from lump sum dealers Sr. (a)Name with TIN of lump sum dealer from whom goods purchased No. (i)Name 1. 2. 3. †¦ (ii)TIN, if any (b)Break-up of turnover of purchase of goods according to rate of tax otherwise applicable on goods (i)@ % (ii)@ % (iii)@ % Total: Gross total (i) + (ii) + (iii) D. List showing purchases of goods in the State without payment of tax Sr. (a)Name of person/dealer from whom goods purchased (b)Break-up of turnover of purchase of goods according to rate of tax No. otherwise applicable under section 7(1) of the Act (i)Name 1. 2. 3. à ¢â‚¬ ¦ Total: Gross total (i) + (ii) + (iii): Note:– In lists A, B, C and D, – 1.There will be a single entry in respect of each dealer/person from whom goods have been purchased during the return period. The date recorded on a tax/sale invoice by the selling dealer will be taken as the date of purchase for the purpose of aggregating purchases made from him during the return period and turnover of purchase will be the amount on which tax has been charged in the invoice. 2. Where a list runs into more than one page, each page will show both page totals and progressive totals. Sum of gross totals in lists A and B must tally with entry 3A(7)(i)(c) in the return and in lists C and D with entry 3A(7)(ii)(c) in the return. (i)@ % (ii)@ % (iii)@ % DeclarationI, ___________________________ (name in CAPITALS), hereby declare that the contents of the above lists of purchases are true and correct and nothing has been concealed therein. Place Date : : Full signature of the authori sed signatory Name Status Note:– An authorised person alone shall sign each page of this list. A list signed by any person not authorised or an unsigned list shall be treated as no list. Form LP-8 (See VAT-R1 ) List of goods returned and escalation or de-escalation in the price of goods purchased for the quarter ended D Name and TIN of the VAT dealer furnishing the list Name and style of business TIN 0 6 M/S Economic Activity Code D M M Y Y A. List of return of goods purchased Sr. No.Particulars of Debit-Cum-Delivery note (DDN) issued for return of the goods to the person who originally sold the goods Name of the person to whom DDN issued (a) TIN, if held (b) No. (c) Date (d) Amount (e) Particulars of the original sale invoice(s) issued for the sale of the goods No. (f) Date (g) Amount (h) Nature of sale (i) 1. 2. 3. †¦ Total: B. List of escalation in the price of goods purchased Sr. No. Total: Particulars of supplementary sale invoice raised by the seller for escalation in the price of the goods sold previously by him Name of the seller (a) TIN, if held (b) No. (c) Date (d) Amount (e) Particulars of the original sale invoice(s) issued for the sale of the goods No. (f) Date (g) Amount (h) Nature of sale (i) 1. 2. 3. †¦ Total: C. List of de-escalation in the price of goods purchased Sr. No. Total:Particulars of Debit note (DN) issued to the seller for de-escalation in the price of the goods sold by him previously Name of the person on whom DN raised (a) TIN, if held, by him (b) DN No. (c) Date (d) Amount (e) Particulars of the original sale invoice(s) raised by the seller for the sale of the goods No. (f) Date (g) Amount (h) Nature of sale (i) 1. 2. 3. †¦ Total: Note:– In lists A, B and C,– 1. There will be a separate entry in respect of each return of goods and escalation or de-escalation in prices of goods purchased. If more than one sale invoices cover original sale of such goods and separate linking with each invoice is n ot possible, then, particulars of all the related invoices should be given. 2. Nature of purchase’ in column (i) means – purchase made in the State from a VAT dealer on tax invoice (‘Local purchase – VAT’), any other purchase made in the State (‘Local sale – Others’), purchase made in the course of inter-State trade (‘Inter-State purchase’), purchase made in the course of export of goods out of India (‘Export sale’), and purchase made in the course of import of goods into India (‘Import sale). Entries relating to a particular nature of purchase and in that category, purchases made to a particular person/dealer should be grouped together and totalled separately. 3. Where a list runs into more than one page, each page should show both page totals and progressive totals. Total: D.Summary of value of goods returned and escalation or de-escalation in the price of goods purchased Nature of purchase and b reak-up of turnover according to rate of tax (a) (1) Local purchases – VAT others Break-up of Local purchases –VAT others (i)@ (ii)@ (iii)@ (iv)@ % % % % Value of goods returned (b) Escalation in price of goods purchased (c) De-escalation in price of goods purchased (d) Net effect of goods returned and (de? )/escalation (e)=(c)-(b)-(d) (2) Inter-State purchases Break-up of Inter-State purchases (3) Export purchases (4) Import purchases Declaration I, ___________________________ (name in CAPITALS), hereby declare that the contents of the above lists and tables are true and correct and nothing has been concealed therein. (i)@ (ii)@ (iii)@ (iv)@ % % % % Place Date : : Full signature of the authorised signatory Name Status ] Note – An authorised person alone shall sign each page of this list. A list signed by any person not authorised or an unsigned list shall be treated as no list. Form LS-1 (See VAT-R1)List of sale of goods sold outside the State (and purchased outside the State) for the quarter ended D D M M Y Y Name and TIN of the registered dealer furnishing the list Name and style of business TIN 0 6 M/S Economic Activity Code Sr. No. Name and address of the purchaser TIN, if applicable Sale Invoice No. 3 Date Description of goods Sale Value State in which goods sold 7 1 2 4 5 6 Total Note : Total must tally with figures in 2B(1)(b) of the return. DECLARATION I, ____________________ (name in CAPITALS), hereby declare that the contents of the above list and table are true and correct and nothing has been concealed therein. Place Date : : Full signature of the authorised signatory Name Status Note :- 1. 2An authorised person alone shall sign each page of this list. A list signed by any person not authorised or an unsigned list shall be treated as no list. Where a list runs into more than one page, each page will show both page totals and progressive totals Form LS-2 (See VAT-R1) List of sale of goods in the course of interstate trade and commerce for the quarter ended D D M M Y Y Name and TIN of the registered dealer furnishing the list Name and style of business TIN 0 6 M/S Economic Activity Code A- List of sale of goods – sold by transfer of documents during their movement. Sr. No . Details of purchases Name and address of the purchaser TIN (if any) with date of validity Sale Invoice No.Date Description of goods Quantity / Value of weight goods Sr. No. of declaration in form C received. Name of the dealer from whom goods purchased 1 Sale Invoice No. Date 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total A B – List of sale of goods – other than covered by Table A. Name and address of the purchaser TIN (if any) with date of validity Sale Invoice No. Date Description of goods Quantity / weight Sr. No. Total B goods Value of Value of the goods Sold against declaratio n in form C (a) Sold without declaration in form C (b) No. of declaration in form C received, if applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Note : Gross total of Total A and Total B( 7) must tally with figures in 2B(2)(b) of the return.DECLARATION I, ____________________ (name in CAPITALS), hereby declare that the contents of the above list and table are true and correct and nothing has been concealed therein. Place Date : : Full signature of the authorised signatory Name Status Note :- 1. 2 An authorised person alone shall sign each page of this list. A list signed by any person not authorised or an unsigned list shall be treated as no list. Where a list runs into more than one page, each page will show both page totals and progressive totals Form LS-3 (See VAT-R1) List of sale of goods in the course of import of the goods into the territory of India for the quarter ended D D M M Y YName and TIN of the registered dealer furnishing the list Name and style of business TIN 0 6 M/S Economic Activity Code Sr. No. Name and address of the purchasing dealer TIN, if any Sale Invoice No. Date Description of goods Quantity /Weight Value of the go ods Name of vessel/ Airlines and number and date of bill of lading and date of its endorsement to purchaser, if applicable Name of the Railway, Airport, Road Transport company or Post office by which goods dispatched in India. 9 No. date of the receipt issued by the Railway, Airport, Road transport company or Post Office. 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total Note : Total must tally with figures in 2B(3)(b) of the return.DECLARATION I, ____________________ (name in CAPITALS), hereby declare that the contents of the above list and table are true and correct and nothing has been concealed therein. Place Date : : Full signature of the authorised signatory Name Status Note :- 1. 2 An authorised person alone shall sign each page of this list. A list signed by any person not authorised or an unsigned list shall be treated as no list. Where a list runs into more than one page, each page will show both page totals and progressive totals Form LS-4 (See VAT-R1) List of sale of goods in the course of expo rt of the goods out of the territory of India for the quarter ended D D M M Y YName and TIN of the registered dealer furnishing the list Name and style of business TIN 0 6 M/S Economic Activity Code A List of sale of goods under section 5 (1) of the Central Act– out of purchases u/s 5(3) of Central Act. Sr. No. Sale Invoice/ Delivery Note No. Name address of the foreign buyer No. date of agreement/ order of foreign buyer to whom goods sold Description of goods Quantity/ Weight Value of the goods Country of destination Vessel or Airlines name, date of shipping/ Airfreight carrier number by which goods dispatched out of India. Date 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total A B List of sale of goods under section 5 (1) of the Central Act– other than covered by Table –A. Sr. No. Sale Invoice/ Delivery Note No. Name address of the foreign buyer No. date of agreement/ order of foreign buyer to whom goods sold Description of goods Quantity/ Weight Value of the goods Country of destination Vessel or Airlines name, date of shipping/ Airfreight carrier number by which goods dispatched out of India. Date 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total B C List of sale of goods under section 5 (3) of the Central Act. Sr. No. Sale Invoice/ Delivery Note No. 1 Name address of the purchaser 3 Description Quantity/ of goods Weight Value of the goods No. and date of purchase order given by exporter 8 Number and date of agreement/ order received by exporter from foreign buyer. 9 Name and address of the foreign buyer 10 No. date of the certificate in form H or form VATD2 issued by the purchaser 11 Date TIN 2 4 5 6 7 Total C Note : Gross total of Total A, Total B and Total C must tally with figures in 2B(4)(b) of the return. DECLARATION I, ____________________ (name in CAPITALS), hereby declare that the contents of the above list and table are true and correct and nothing has been concealed therein. Place Date : : Full signature of the authorised signatory Name Status An authorised person alone shall sign each page of this list. A list signed by any person not authorised or an unsigned list shall be treated as no list. Where a list runs into more than one page, each page will show both page totals and progressive totals Note :- 1. 2Form LS-5 (See VAT-R1) List of sale of goods to UNICEF, UNTAB, WHO, other prescribed UN Bodies and Foreign Missions for the quarter ended D D M M Y Y Name and TIN of the registered dealer furnishing the list Name and style of business TIN 0 6 M/S Economic Activity Code Sr. No. Sale Invoice No. 1 Date Description of goods Sale Value Name of the purchasing agency/ mission 2 3 4 5 Total Note : Total must tally with figures in 2B(6)(b) of the return. DECLARATION I, ____________________ (name in CAPITALS), hereby declare that the contents of the above list and table are true and correct and nothing has been concealed therein. Place Date : :Full signature of the authorised signatory Name Status Note :- 1. 2 An authorised person alone shall s ign each page of this list. A list signed by any person not authorised or an unsigned list shall be treated as no list. Where a list runs into more than one page, each page will show both page totals and progressive totals Form LS-6 (See VAT-R1) List of goods consigned for sale to agents (who are VAT dealers) In the State for the quarter ended D D M M Y Y Name and TIN of the VAT dealer furnishing the list Name and style of business TIN 0 6 M/S Economic Activity Code Sr. No. Name and address of VAT dealer to whom goods were dispatched 1 TINName of Commodity Quantity Value Details of goods sold by agent(s) during the period Quantity Sale Value 2 3 4 5 6 7 Stock of goods lying with agent(s) at the end of the period 8 Total Note : Total must tally with figures in 2B(7)(b) of the return. DECLARATION I, ____________________ (name in CAPITALS), hereby declare that the contents of the above list and table are true and correct and nothing has been concealed therein. Place Date : : Full s ignature of the authorised signatory Name Status Note :- 1. 2 3. An authorised person alone shall sign each page of this list. A list signed by any person not authorised or an unsigned list shall be treated as no list.Where a list runs into more than one page, each page will show both page totals and progressive totals There will be a single entry in respect of each commodity. (i) (ii) (iii) sent during the period to the agent(s) sold by agent(s) during the period lying in stock with the agent(s) at the end of the period Form LS-7 (See VAT-R1) List of goods exported out of the State (consignment / transfers) for the quarter ended D D M M Y Y Name and TIN of the registered dealer furnishing the list Name and style of business TIN 0 6 M/S Economic Activity Code Sr. No. Delivery Note No. Date Name and address of the Consignee TIN Description of goods Quantity/ Weight Value of the goods No. f declaration in Form F received. 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total Note : Total must tally with figures in 2B(8)(b) of the return. DECLARATION I, ____________________ (name in CAPITALS), hereby declare that the contents of the above list and table are true and correct and nothing has been concealed therein. Place Date : : Full signature of the authorised signatory Name Status Note :- 1. 2 An authorised person alone shall sign each page of this list. A list signed by any person not authorised or an unsigned list shall be treated as no list. Where a list runs into more than one page, each page will show both page totals and progressive totals Form LS-8 (See VAT-R1)List of goods disposed of otherwise than by sale for the quarter ended D D M M Y Y Name and TIN of the registered dealer furnishing the list Name and style of business TIN 0 6 M/S Economic Activity Code Sr. No. Description of goods Quantity Value Value of goods purchased from VAT dealers in the State Outside the State against ‘C’ Form Other sources 1 4 5 Input tax on purchases from VAT dealers in the State 8 T otal Note : Total must tally wit

Relates Great Expectations to fictional experiences in real life

Relates Great Expectations to fictional experiences in real life Great ExpectationsGreat Expectations, authored by Victorian novelist Charles Dickens, is considered one of his finest works of literature. It was indicative of Dickens's strong feelings for injustices and poor conditions committed on women and children of that time. Through the main character, Pip, Dickens's demonstrated the compassion he felt for children. Most readers, like myself, are able to associate Pip's experiences with their own. Pip endeavored upon many things that I can see myself doing.From the beginning of the novel Pip had felt an impending feeling of guilt. It is a common theme in Great Expectations and is one that I have felt numerous times before. In one instance, my friends and I were at a party playing with a water balloon launcher shooting balloons down the street. My neighbors had just put in a new set of porch windows that were quite expensive. With a slight aiming misalignment we broke a window and had to confess to my neighbor and give her our apologies.Englis h: "We sat down on a bench that was near" by...Pip, however, had the guilt weighed on his conscience forever-he did not have the courage to tell Mrs. Joe that he had taken a pork pie that was for Christmas dinner. Mrs. Joe only made it harder for Pip when she asked, 'And were the deuce ha' you been?' (page 20). Pip had to make a moral judgment about whether or not to tell the truth about what he did and is challenged with many more of these decisions throughout the book.Pip was later introduced to Estella, Ms. Havisham's adopted daughter, whom was taught to pursue retribution on all of the male population for her 'mother'. Pip became easily infatuated with Estella's good looks, money, and attitude. Estella considered Pip to be common and pointed out the...

Financial strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial strategies - Essay Example or events during this financial year and is poised to hold much more in future due to the tremendous encouragement and support it has been receiving for its events, both large and small. AoC Management Services conference and events team focus on arranging conferences and meets of all shapes and hues, right from small workshops for 10 delegates to major residential events for up to 1500 delegates. It is seen that 50% of these events are run on an annual basis, such as the AoCs Annual Meets and the AoC Human Resources Conference. The team also organizes a variety of national events based on current issues faced by the educational institutions in this sector. There are events that range between one to three days, and regularly include entertainment, gala dinners, awards ceremonies and special activities for delegates. On the other hand; Informa Plc has nearly 49% of their business from event management programs while the rest of the business is from training and general management consultancy services. Background of both companies: For Informa Plc, Revenues for the first half year 2009 was  £636.3m, which is 1.4% higher than the corresponding period in 2008. Similarly, adjusted profits were higher at 4.6% reaching  £146m. It is believed that the relative strengthening of US $ and Euro â‚ ¬ has been the major reasons for the improved performance during the first half of the year 2009. Its real effect, however, has been in terms of contributing dramatically or staging recoveries, to a certain extent. Thus the losses caused by strengthening of Pound Sterling during earlier periods were balanced. However, it is seen that its operating profits have declined in the year under reference, coming down from  £77.7m in the first half of 2008 to just  £61.1m during the corresponding period in the year 2009, showing a fall of  £16.6M. There are several factors which could explain this decline in profits, including  £10.8m of business restructuring costs and yet another  £ 50m

Special Education Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Special Education - Coursework Example The discrepancies will indicate whether it is a disability or lower achievement (NICHCY, n.p.). Carmen is likely at risk for behavioral and social problems, due to poor perception by other students who has no learning disability, who are likely to perceive her as incompetent, thus alienating her from social inclusion. This will affect her self esteem, thus impacting on her behavior and ability to interact with the rest. c. Dyslexia- is characterized by difficulty with learning to read fluently and with accurate comprehension despite normal intelligence. This includes phonological awareness, phonological decoding, processing speed, orthographic coding, auditory short-term memory, language skills/ verbal comprehension, and or rapid naming. d. Dyscalculia- is difficulty in learning or comprehending arithmetic, such as difficulty in understanding numbers, and learning math facts. It is generally seen as a specific developmental disorder like

Discuss the causes and consequences of infertility for individuals, Essay

Discuss the causes and consequences of infertility for individuals, families and wider society - Essay Example In addition, infertility can also entail the inability to carry a pregnancy to full term leading to miscarriages (Perkins & Jackie, 2011, p.1). Infertility does not only affect the couple trying to have children but it also impacts greatly on their families and the wider society, especially in the contemporary western culture (Peters, Jackson & Rudge, 2011, p.130). Nevertheless, this topic remains a taboo issue that people do not want to talk about yet it interferes with the most fundamental human activity of building a family. Infertility is a very serious reproductive health problem that may result from a number of preventable and non-preventable conditions related to both males and females and it may have far-reaching consequences on the individuals trying to conceive, their families and the wider society. Infertility has numerous causes. Initially, people thought that only women were infertile but the truth is males-factor conditions are responsible for half of all the couples who are infertile. The non-preventable conditions that may cause infertility include various genetic, immunological, hormonal and anatomical problems that are responsible for preventing successful pregnancies (Solinger, 2013, p.100). The prevalence of non-preventable conditions is the same within and across populations and is responsible for causing infertility in five percent of all infertile couples. Most of the times infertility is due to preventable conditions and this is the reason why the variations in infertility rates are significant in any given population due to the preventable conditions being more or less prevalent in a given population. The preventable infertility causes are due to occupational or environmental factors and various infections (Kirch, 2009, p.782). There are some sexually transmitted infections (STIs) related to infertility such as gonorrhea (Fauser & Devroey, 2011). Since these symptoms

Factors influencing the success or failure of Small Business

Factors influencing the success or failure of Small Business Small businesses have certainly started to play an important role in the growth and development of a lot of economies in the world today, and they are becoming increasing popular. The reasons for this are not particularly hard to discern. Growing firms provide significant benefits to regions, with job generation, knowledge spillovers, economic multipliers, innovation drivers and cluster developments. The exact processes of growth and an analysis of the development and transitions from small to high growth rates and size development has generated limited study from an initial review of literature. The birth of new firms and their subsequent growth or failure has captivated the interest of researchers especially during the past decade and a half. The central theme dominating this segment of research focuses on the question of why Jason Fast Foods failed in their business. An initial review of literature on small firms reveals that many of them fail early in their lifecycles, presumably due to the many impediments and obstacles that they are unable to overcome. There is also the less than satisfactory growth rates observed among firms that survive the initial inception stage. Whereas the specific factor that led to the failure of this business was poor operational plan, a congregations of other factors was responsible for the failure of this business. This means that Jason Fast Foods failed because of a combination of poor product/service, marketing plan, operation plan and financial plan. The dynamics of changing demographics and consumer purchasing patterns, coupled with ever stronger competition, put increased pressure on Jason Fast Foods enterprises. This impacted a lot on the small business who had to devise new avenues for driving productivity and develop distinct competencies that was aimed at ensuring their survival. Basically, Jason Fast Foods suffered from limited information, finance, management time and experience and was vulnerable to environmental changes. The scale of operations was also low which meant that this firm did not benefit from the economies of scale which limited its operations and generally inhibited its growth and ability to develop and dominate the markets. The small firm sector has been described as very turbulent, with fluctuations in profits and sales being more imminent than larger firms, mainly because they are more likely to depend on single products or customers (Storey et al., 1987). Large firms on the other hand often exist becaus e competitive factors within industries make the use of economies of scale in productions which are necessary for survival. Operational factor that greatly contributed to the failure of Jason Fast Foods was the inability to attract higher quality people than its competitors. The differentiators between success and failures lie in the ability of a firm adopting strategies in the utilization of its capabilities that ensure the firm has higher quality people than its competitors, its able to develop and nurture its capabilities and that a culture is developed that encourages organizational learning. When competition intensified, the possession of these competencies became increasingly important for the firms continued success. Moreover, these were the distinctive capabilities that supported a market position that was valuable and difficult to imitate. The aim of developing and improving the resources basses and capabilities are aimed at achieving a strategic fit between resources and the opportunities that will ensure for added value from the effective deployment of resources. The overall inability to effect ively deploy resources for the best operational practice was inhibited by its scarcity. In addition to the above, the interaction between competitive advantage and distinctive competencies are well researched issues that Jason Fast Foods failed to exploit. The general concurrence is that firms that develop and exploit their distinctive capabilities and key competencies generally outperform their rivals and are able thrive in the said markets. For example, Day (1994) found that smaller firms that chose to compete with clearly defined strategies outperformed those firms with a less clearly defined focus. These believe is supported by Armstrong (2007) who found a close correlation between the entrepreneurial orientation of firms and the possession of a wide assortment of distinctive competencies. Operational inefficiency deprived Jason Fast Foods the ability to find a close correlation between its entrepreneurial orientation and the possession of a wide assortment of distinctive competencies. The role of financial factor contribution to the failure of Jason Fast Foods was precipitated by the skyrocketing health care and energy costs, tightening credit conditions and increasing labor costs. Generally, the small businesses are facing a challenging economic environment. The major constraints that were facing Jason Fast Foods can be broadly categorized into four groups that are cost factors, credit conditions, trade competitiveness and industry metrics (HSBC, 2005). The major cost factors associated with doing business in America for the small businesses stems from the health care, oil, natural gas, retirement and savings and total employee compensation and regulatory costs (HSBC, 2005). These costs continue to rise by day, meaning that the proprietors of Jason Fast Foods were receiving the same amounts of inputs to run their businesses but at a higher cost. These increased costs limited the ability of Jason Fast Foods to purchase new equipments, hire new employees and expand businesses. The most significant increase in these costs has been the rising oil and natural gas prices. Additionally, the employees compensation costs have also grown, coupled with increased health care and medical costs which continued to impact on the bottom line of Jason Fast Foods. Another constraint that led to the failure of this firm was with credit conditions and access to credit. A lot of researchers agree that business financing is a key ingredient to business success through the provision of the ability for entrepreneurs to start or develop an existing business. As Child (1972) intones, capital availability ebbs and flows as business cycles evolve, essentially meaning that enough capital resources should be available at all stages of growth. The major contributing ingredients to the ease with which small business can gain access to capital encompasses such issues as budget deficits, commercial and industrial loans, interest rates and venture capital. For example, most credit that is extended to businesses either in the form of credit cards or commercial loans are tied to the prime rending rates, which are dictated by the overall operating conditions. These are basically reflected by the prevailing rending rates, which have been rising of late with severe implication on the cost of doing business. The fact that Jason Fast Foods encountered more difficulties in generating alternative financing (example through issuance of stock or commercial paper) become more resilient, meaning that they were being forced to pay high interest costs to secure a loan to finance ventures. This was compounded by the fact that interest rates are usually higher as private sources of capital compete with the public sector for investors in an economy, meaning that borrowing costs continues to rise regardless of growths in the economy. The end result is that small businesses are hugely disadvantaged. Without favorable credit conditions, entrepreneurs will either pay higher prices for capital or forgo adequate capitalization all together (HSBC, 2005). Another constraint faced by Jason Fast Foods that led to its failure was with regards to growth and development and the competitiveness of the operative industry. The major factors as regards competitiveness usually stem from trade deficits and the trends and manufactures new order. The contentious issues are that while the increased globalization has provided business owners with the opportunity to market and sell their goods abroad, small business have continually struggled and failed to exploit the potential. All the above factors clearly illustrate the major difficulties faced by small business in their endeavors that eventually led to the failure of Jason Fast Foods. While the same factors have been found to also impact on the larger counterparts, a clear deduction can be discerned that the impacts have greater implications on the small businesses.

Kids’ Shoes

Have your children's feet measured when buying shoes, since what might seem comfortable to them for a minute or two in the store is very different from what will be comfortable after a day of playing. Feet should be measured while standing, and always have both feet measured. Since one foot is usually larger than the other, buy shoes to accommodate the larger of the two feet.When your child is wearing the shoes, and their feet are fully extended (watch for toe crunching!), there should be a bit of room between the edge of the shoe toe and the edge of your child's toes – about a half inch.With the rate children outgrow shoes, it's probably tempting to buy shoes that are too big, but you should never buy shoes that are more than one size  too large for your child. Shoes that are too big can cause a child to trip and develop foot problems while trying to walk in shoes that are too large.Obviously a shoe that has too tight of a heel will cause discomfort, but having shoes that a re too loose is also very problematic. The heel of the shoes should rest snugly but not tightly around your the back of the child's heel.As adults, we often say we're â€Å"breaking in† a pair of shoes – this is really a bad idea for anyone, but particularly for kids. Shoes need to be immediately comfortable – don't allow for a breaking in period or expect shoes to get more comfortable over time – they need to fit and feel good now. Children's shoes should have laces, velcro or some other fastening system. As a general rule, avoid backless or slip-on shoes for kids.Look for shoes made from breathable materials, such such as canvas or leather. In addition to being more durable, they will help to keep the child's foot cooler and dryer, helping to prevent blisters, discomfort, and smelly shoes.While they may look cute, always avoid heels on children's shoes. Not only is it difficult for kids to walk in heels, they are particularly bad for proper foot develop ment. When it comes to children's shoes, stick with flats and even soles.Look for a pattern or textured sole, as this will provide traction and help prevent your child from easily slipping on slick surfaces.Soles should be sturdy and thick enough to protect the feet from pain and injury, but the sole also needs to be flexible too so that it will bend with the foot.Once you've found shoes that fit and are appropriately designed for a child's feet, allow your children some input as to which shoes they prefer. It's bound to make for a better shopping experience if they get to choose a color or design they like from shoes that fit well and are appropriate for growing feet.

Search of Identity in Society

Identity can be generally defined as the personal characteristics and traits which differentiate each individual from the other, however in â€Å"The myth of the Latin woman: I just met a girl named Maria† by Cofer, Judith Ortiz and â€Å"The joy of reading and writing: superman and me† by Alexei Sherman, both authors demonstrate the theme identity in a different manner. Judith Cofer portrays how the society often stereotype individuals into groups without a doubt, in this particular essay, the offensive stereotype of Latino women without any particular reason but merely due to their identity.Alexei Sherman in â€Å"The joy of reading and writing: superman and me† also describes how society can have an impact on one’s identity; however Alexei was determined to build himself and challenge the society despite of its expectations. Similarities in this particular comparison overcome the differences; the similarities which are clearly seen between these two sho rt stories are how the society belittles people and stereotype them simply due to their identity. Another common theme between both stories is multiculturalism and how it’s faced.The difference however is how each author dealt with this stereotyping and how they defined their own identity despite of how people interrupted it for them. Expectations can alter the way a person feels about living their life the way they desire. Society determines and expects a role that every individual must perform according to who they are such as: age, gender, race, ethnic etc. In the essay the â€Å"The joy of reading and writing: superman and me†, the author talks about his life as an Indian boy and how writing and reading shaped his life to what it is today.Sherman talks about how as an Indian boy living in a reservation in the United States, Indians were expected to fail and be uneducated; but because he was â€Å"smart, arrogant and lucky† he broke the mold and became a crea tive writer. In Cofer’s case there were no mold’s to be broken but merely society’s perception about Latinas. She collects all the misconceptions of Latin women, comparing them with her personal experiences Our perception of anything can change and the way we view our selves can sometimes be altered by the events that happen in our life, our self-image and self-esteem can be also altered by these events too.Cofer, in her autobiographical short story describes how she feels like an object of sexual desire and a person of lower class because of her Puerto Rican ethnicity. She starts the essay by reliving an incident which happened to her with a drunken man who re-enacted â€Å"Maria† from West Side Story even though she was aggravated, she tried to keep her cool when everyone around her was laughing and applauding. The author shows how the society degrades her because she is simply Latina regardless of the fact that is she an educated women seeking knowledg e from Oxford university.Later she states, â€Å"I do not wear my diplomas around my neck†- By this Cofer implies that there are many other women exactly like her, Latin women who do have the advantage of an education, however other individuals within societies racial misconceptions lead them to believe that every Latin woman is either a â€Å"housemaid† or a â€Å"counter girl†- which is obviously not the case. Cofer continues to subjectively analyses and defends the negative stereotypes that Latin women encounter.Since something can be natural in a determined culture and offensive in another, it is easy to find a variety of behaves that are misunderstood. This misunderstood is what promotes the existence of prejudice. She collects all the misconceptions of Latin women, comparing them with her personal experiences. Eventually the author tries to deliver a message, a â€Å"universal truth†, is to try to replace the old pervasive stereotypes, individuals s hould not be judged entirely due to their place of origin, â€Å"skin color, accent or cloths† but should be seen for who they truly are.Cofer emphasizes that â€Å"we cannot change this (the myth of Latina as whore, domestic or criminal) by legislating the way people look at us the transformation, as I see it, has to occur at a much more individual level†. Again this is something which is also seen in Sherman’s essay and it’s evident from his writing. Sherman says he saw the world in paragraphs, this is a metaphoric term he created.   

Flowers in the Dustbin essays

Flowers in the Dustbin essays The sixties were turbulent times in American culture. With war, racism, and a changing society, the nation needed a way to channel their thoughts and emotions. Music became this channel. Some of the best music in the history of the America came from this time of social insecurity. Creative minds seemed to unite to provide a voice for the people and comfort them in unsure times. With this creativity and social unrest came the use of drugs and the freedom of sex. Music in the sixties helped, hindered, and left us with perhaps one of the most memorable styles of music known to America. Music from the sixties helped the generation cope with many of the puzzling issues that plagued society in this decade. Music gave America motivation for social change, a form of expression, and boosted hopes and morale for our soldiers in Vietnam. The music of any specific era is like a mirror reflecting the concerns of a culture at that specific time. Sometimes it reflects these images in an indirect way, sometimes very directly. The decade of the sixties was a revolutionary and turbulent time for social and political change. The music and musical styles of the sixties reflected American culture and had an effect on the political activism for which the sixties are best remembered. Sixties music can be distinguished from other periods by three main characteristics. First, it reflected the new sexual permissiveness by including obviously sexy lyrics. Second, until the mid-1950's, popular music was aimed at both teenager and their parents. During the sixties, a "youth culture" formed that was distinct from the rest of society. "Third, until the mid-fifties, both popular music musicians and their audiences were overwhelmingly middle-class and white. During the sixties this changed when a number of divergent forces came together to create a new kind of music and a particular audience for that music. One major force was the mass migratio...

Chemistry Abbreviations Starting with W, X, Y, Z

Chemistry Abbreviations Starting with W, X, Y, Z Chemistry abbreviations and acronyms are common in all fields of science. This collection offers common abbreviations and acronyms beginning with the letter W, X, Y, or Z used in chemistry and chemical engineering. Chemistry Abbreviations Starting with the Letter W W - TungstenW - WattW5 - Which Was What We WantedWA - Weak AcidWAC - Weak Acid CationWB - Water BasedWB - Weak BaseWB - Weak BondWBA - Weak Base AnionWC - Water CosolventWCS - Worst Case ScenarioWD - Water DispersantWD - Water DisplacementWD - Wet/DryWIAP - Water In All PhasesWIN - Water Insoluble NitrogenWNA - World Nuclear AssociationWO - Weak OxidizerWP - White PhosphorusWPS - Water Phase SaltWR - Water RepellentWS - Wash SolutionWS - Water SolubleWSPI - Water-Soluble Phosphorous, InorganicWSPO - Water-Soluble Phosphorous, OrganicWSS - Water Soluble StabilizerWST - Weighted Settling TimeWSNZ - Water Soluble ZincWV - Water VaporWVDA - Water Vapor Diffusion AnalysisWVM - Water Vapor MonitorWVN - Water Vapor NitrogenWVP - Water Vapor PermeabilityWVT - Water Vapor TransportWW - Waste WaterWWIX - Waste Water Ion eXchangeWYOL - Write Your Own LabWYOLA - Write Your Own Lab AssignmentWYU - What You Use Chemistry Abbreviations Starting with the Letter X XAG - Silver Troy OunceXAU - Gold Troy OunceXAN - XANthineXDB - eXtra Dense BondingXe - XenonXLS - Xenon Light SourceXOD - Xanthine OxidaseXPD - Palladium Troy OunceXPT - Platinum Troy OunceXUM - X-ray Ultra-MicroscopeXYD - XYliDine Chemistry Abbreviations Starting with the Letter Y y - yoctoY - YottaY - YttriumYb - YtterbiumYBCO - Yttrium Barium Copper OxideYAG - Yttrium Aluminum GarnetYAP - Yield Analysis PatternYBG - Your Best GuessYCC - American Chemical Society Younger Chemists CommitteeYd - YardYIC - Yttrium Lithium FluorideYZN - Yellow ZiNc dichromate Chemistry Abbreviations Starting with the Letter Z z - zeptoZ - ZettaZn - ZincZB - Zinc BlendeZC - Zinc CompositeZCG - Zeolite Crystal GrowthZCR - Zinc ChromiumZCS - Zinc Coated SteelZDC - Zero Degrees KelvinZEKE - Zero Electron Kinetic EnergyZINC - Zinc Is Not CopperZK - Zero KelvinZP - Zero PressureZr - ZirconiumZRE - Zinc Responsive Element

Critical research and individualism Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical research and individualism - Coursework Example The field of nursing research helps in integrating the various aspects of patient care including biological, social, emotional, as well as scientific and philosophical that have a direct and far-reaching impact on the provision of healthcare. The recent developments in the field of nursing science play a key role in influencing and shaping the discipline of nursing through a range of philosophical approaches. This essay aims to assess the various philosophical underpinnings of this profession, the implications of nursing theories in practice, and a critical analysis of various competing theories of scientific method, particularly the critical theory and the concept of individualism. Critical social theory: The critical social theory has been recently gaining increasing significance in the field of nursing science due to its philosophical approach towards understanding of science. The concept of individual liberty is somewhat restricted in contemporary society due to a range of socio- political restrictions. Such restrictive policies which are rampant across all sections of the society tend to have various negative implications on individuals due to its dominant presence as an integral element of the societal structure resulting in oppression of individual expression. The critical analysis of a given situation helps in highlighting the issue of oppression and the socially constructed borders on human freedom. The critical social theory helps in understanding the manner in which the dominant social values affect and influence the profession of nursing and subsequently the health and welfare of the society at large (Munhall, 2011). The critical social theory is hence involved in transforming existing social orders with a view to influence and coax a positive change in the social norms and hence the power relations to enable greater freedom and promote the greater social and moral values of equality, freedom, and justice (Hitchcock, Schubert, and Thomas, 2003). The field of nursing, being a 'practice science', is essentially involved in pursuing the primary goal of nursing inquiry and knowledge development in order to enable informed decision making and application of the same in practice in ways which are both - socially relevant as well as scientifically sound (Browne, 2000). This theory plays a key role in elucidating the relationship between theory and practice. It insists that the relationship between nursing theory and practice is reflexive in nature thus implying that 'theory feeds into practice, and practice informs theory' (Daly, Speedy, and Jackson, 2009: 116). According to Mill, Allen, and Morrow (2001) critical theory has the ability to "provide the broad philosophical foundation required by the discipline of nursing" (p. 112). The potential contributions of critical social theory in the field of nursing as well as its philosophical implications are fundamental to the field of nursing and healthcare delivery in general. The applica tion of critical social theory has been widely recommended by various nursing theorists for specific research, as a guide to nursing research and to use as a framework for developing the discipline. According to Habermas (1968 qtd. in Browne, 2000) "critically oriented science should produce emancipatory knowledge that promotes social change and a more just society" (Browne, 2000: 40). Individualism: Individualism is one of the most basic foundations on which